… Elam, adjacent to Babylonia, was one of the first to be influenced by the urban revolution that took place in southern Mesopotamia in the second half of the 4th millennium BC. Recent archaeological research has shown that from the end of the 4th millennium BC to the first half of the 3rd millennium BC, a cultural sphere existed in the southern Iranian plateau that flourished through the collection and processing of precious stones such as lapis lazuli, carnelian, and steatite, and their export to Mesopotamia and India. It has been proven that the Proto-Elamite script was used in various places from Susa to Shahr-i-Softa in Sistan in connection with this trade activity. The oldest Elamite state known to date is the Kingdom of Awan, which was established around 2500 BC (or in the 27th century BC), invaded Babylonia and conquered the First Dynasty of Ur. … From [Elamite]...Nouns, adjectives, participles, and some other words, including infinitives and negations, also have personal suffixes, but they do not necessarily match those of verbs, and are particularly distinctive in that they distinguish between animate objects (singular and plural) and inanimate objects in the third person. Proto-Elamite script was established at the end of the 4th millennium BC as a way to write Elamite, and developed from pictograms to linear script, but Elamite soon disappeared after the introduction of Akkadian cuneiform script in the 24th century BC. Elamite was still important as one of the inscription terms in the Achaemenid Persian Empire, and many Elamite economic documents have been excavated from the royal palace of Persepolis. *Some of the terminology that refers to "Elamite script" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… バビロニアに隣接したエラムは,前4千年紀後半のメソポタミア南部に起こった都市革命の影響をいちはやく受けた。最近の考古学研究によれば,前4千年紀末から前3千年紀前半にかけて,イラン高原南部にラピスラズリ,紅玉髄,凍石(ステアタイト)などの貴石の採取と加工,メソポタミアやインド方面への輸出によって繁栄した一つの文化圏が存在し,この交易活動と結びついてスーサからシースタンのシャフル・イ・ソフタにいたる各地に原エラム文字が使用されていたことが証されている。現在知られる最古のエラム国家はアワン王国で,前2500年ころ(あるいは前27世紀)に成立し,バビロニアに侵入してウル第1王朝を征服した。… 【エラム語】より…名詞,形容詞,分詞,そのほか不定詞や否定詞をふくむ若干の語も人称接尾辞をとるが,動詞の人称接尾辞とはかならずしも一致せず,とくに三人称において生物体(単数および複数)と非生物体とを区別していることが特徴的である。エラム語を表記する文字として前4千年紀末に原エラム文字が成立し,絵文字から線文字への発達がみられたが,前24世紀以来アッカド楔形文字の導入によって,エラム文字はまもなく消滅した。エラム語はアケメネス朝ペルシア帝国において碑文用語の一つとしてなお重視され,ペルセポリス王宮からも多数のエラム語経済文書が出土している。… ※「エラム文字」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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