Private church - Eigenkirche

Japanese: 私有教会 - しゆうきょうかい（英語表記）Eigenkirche

In medieval Europe, churches and monasteries were established as private property within the territories of Germanic kings and princes who had converted to Christianity, without the aid of canon law, or parishes were established by kings and princes and placed under their control. The founders had the right to appoint and dismiss the clergy of their churches, and to pay salaries. Some were inheritors of private temples owned by wealthy Germanic people during the pagan era, and because they generated a lot of income, they spread throughout Germany, mainly in the Frankish and Lombard kingdoms, and were most developed in the 8th and 9th centuries. The Church of Rome initially tolerated them, and later officially recognized them, but the harm they caused was great, and they became the source of a controversy over investiture, so there were efforts to abolish them, such as the Cluny Reforms, but they remained until the disappearance of the feudal system.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ヨーロッパ中世において，教会法によらず，おもにキリスト教に改宗したゲルマン人の国王や諸侯によって，その領地内に私有財産として設置された教会，修道院など，あるいは国王，諸侯によって設けられ，その支配下におかれた教区。設置者はその教会付き聖職者の任免権，給与権をもっていた。一部は異教時代の富裕なゲルマン人が所有していた私立寺院を受継ぐもので，収入が多かったためフランク，ランゴバルド両王国を中心に全ドイツに広まり，8～9世紀に最も発展をみた。ローマ教会は初め黙認，のち公認したが弊害ははなはだしく，叙任権論争のもととなったので，クリュニーの改革をはじめ，廃止の方向に努力したが，封建制度の消滅まで残存した。

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