Aerial refueling is the transfer of fuel from one aircraft in flight to another, allowing it to fly long distances. The world's first aerial refueling took place in the United States in 1930, and it was put to practical use in some aircraft, but it only became widely used after fuel-hungry jet aircraft became the mainstay of military aircraft. Aerial refueling is primarily used to extend the flight range during long-distance travel or invasion attacks. It is also thought that it can be used to extend flight time in air defense battles, but in reality there have been few examples of it being used. There are two types of aerial refueling systems: a dedicated tanker aircraft and a buddy system, in which attack aircraft are equipped with an aerial refueling device. The former is used for large-scale operations, while the latter is used for small-scale units. There are two common methods of transferring fuel: the flying boom system, in which a boom is inserted into the aircraft receiving the refueling, and the probe-and-drogue system, in which a bucket is attached to a fuel cable and the aircraft receiving the refueling detects it with a probe. Of these, the flying boom system is currently mainly used by the United States Air Force, while the United States Navy and other military forces use the probe-and-drogue system for refueling, including the buddy system. Probe-and-drogue also allows helicopters to be refueled in mid-air. [Kenichi Aoki] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
飛行中の航空機からほかの航空機へ燃料を移し、長距離の飛行を可能にするための補給を行うこと。世界最初の空中給油は、1930年にアメリカで行われ、一部では実用化されていたが、多用されるようになったのは、燃料消費の多いジェット機が軍用機の主力となってからである。空中給油は、基本的には長距離の移動や侵攻攻撃に際して、航続距離を延長するために使われる。防空戦闘では、滞空時間を延長するために使われることも考えられているが、実際にはほとんど使われた例はない。 空中給油のシステムでは、専用の空中給油母機を使う方法と、攻撃機などに空中給油用の装置を搭載するバディ・システムとよぶ方式があり、大規模な使用では前者が、小規模な部隊では後者が使われるのが普通である。燃料の移送方式には、ブームを給油を受ける機体に差し込むフライング・ブーム方式と、燃料ケーブルにバケットをつけ、給油を受ける機体がプローブでとらえる、プローブ・アンド・ドローグの2方式が一般的。このうちフライング・ブームはおもにアメリカ空軍が現在使用しており、アメリカ海軍やそのほかの軍は、バディ方式も含めてプローブ・アンド・ドローグで給油を行っている。またプローブ・アンド・ドローグでは、ヘリコプターに空中給油を行うこともできるようになった。 [青木謙知] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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