Chara; stone wort

Japanese: シャジクモ(車軸藻) - シャジクモ(英語表記)Chara; stone wort
Chara; stone wort
A freshwater algae. It may be classified as a green algae in the broad sense, but because it differs significantly from general green algae, it is often classified as a ring algae and separated from the green algae in the narrow sense. Long cylindrical cells are arranged in a line to form a stem, and branches out in whorls from the nodes at various points. The lower root is rhizoidal and embedded in the mud at the bottom of the water. Some are small, only a few centimeters in length, but some that live in deep water can grow to over 1 meter. Unlike general green algae, asexual reproduction by zoospores is not performed at all, but sexual reproduction is performed by ovoviviparous and antheridialia that are formed by the deformation of the whorls. The hair-like branches in the antheridialia divide into countless cells, from which spermatozoa swim out and reach the egg cells in the ovoviviparous and fertilize them. At least 80 species are known in the genus Chara. The genus Nitella and several other genera, which have a similar structure and reproductive organs to Chara, are also classified in this ring algae.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
淡水産の藻類。広義の緑藻類に入れられる場合もあるが,一般の緑藻類とは著しく異なる点があるので,特に輪藻類を設けて,狭義の緑藻類と分ける場合が多い。長円筒形の細胞が並んで茎状になり,ところどころの節から分枝を輪生する。下根は仮根状になって水底の泥中に入っている。全長数 cmの小型のものもあるが,水中深いところに産するものなどでは 1m以上になるものもある。一般の緑藻類にみられるような遊走子による無性生殖はまったく行われず,輪生枝が変形して生じた生卵器と造精器によって有性生殖が行われる。造精器中の毛状枝は無数の細胞に分れて,それから精虫が泳ぎ出し,生卵器内にある卵細胞に達して受精する。シャジクモ属には少くとも 80種が知られている。なお,シャジクモ属と同じような体制と生殖器官をもつフラスコモ属 Nitellaほか数属のものもこの輪藻類に入れられる。

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