Shaon (English spelling) saǔm

Japanese: 舎音 - しゃおん（英語表記）saǔm

In Korea, a land manager for tenanted land. Also called a malm. Traditionally, large landowners and landowners in remote areas in Korea entrusted the management of their farmland to a shaon. This system continued even after the Japan-Korea Annexation. The shaon's duties included collecting rent, supervising tenants, and representing them in paying taxes, but in the case of particularly large landowners, a toshaon was appointed to oversee the shaon. The shaon used their position to arbitrarily raise rent, transfer tenant rights, and force tenants to provide money and free labor. They also exploited tenants' rent and embezzled taxes entrusted to them by the landowners, causing serious problems.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

朝鮮，小作地の管理人。別称マルム。旧来，朝鮮では大地主や遠隔の地にある地主は農地の管理を舎音に委託してきた。この制度は日韓併合後も存続した。舎音の任務は小作料の取立て，小作人の監督，納税の代理などであるが，特に大地主の場合には舎音を統括する都舎音がおかれた。舎音は自己の地位を利用して恣意的に小作料の引上げ，小作権の移動を行い，小作人に金品，無償労役を強要したり，さらに小作料の中間搾取，地主より委託された税金を横領するなど，その弊害ははなはだしかった。

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