It means "Islamic elder (shaikh)" and was used as an honorific title for learned 'ulama' from the end of the 10th century. The Seljuk Empire tried to make it a government-appointed position but failed, and the Ottoman Empire made it the title of the mufti of Istanbul (in Turkish it is called Şeyhülislam). He controlled the 'ulama', had the power to appoint and dismiss qadis (judges) and muftis, and restricted the sultan's acts of state through fatwas (opinions), becoming the de facto head of the implementation of sharia (Islamic law). Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
〈イスラムの長老(シャイフ)〉を意味し,10世紀末から学識深いウラマーの尊称とされた。セルジューク朝は政府の任命する官職にしようとして失敗,オスマン帝国はイスタンブールのムフティーの職名とした(トルコ語でシェイヒュル・イスラムşeyhülislam)。ウラマーを統轄してカーディー(裁判官),ムフティーの任免権を握り,ファトワーfatwā(意見書)によってスルタンの国事行為を制約し,事実上シャリーア(イスラム法)施行の責任者となった。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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