Aleppo (English spelling)

Japanese: アレッポ（英語表記）Aleppo

Halab in Arabic. Capital of Halab Governorate in northwest Syria. Located on a limestone hill (390m) along the Kwaiq River. Inland climate, with a summer high of 43-46°C. Influenced by Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, and Egypt, the city-state was established early on. It developed under the Seleucid dynasty. Christianity spread and a bishopric was established there until the 4th century. After the Arab invasion in 637, it flourished as a city under the Umayyad Caliphate. It was eventually ruled by the Seljuk Turks, Crusaders, Ayyubids, and Mamluks, and was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1516 and ruled for about 400 years. After World War II, the new city expanded north and west of the old city, and there is now a branch of Syrian University and the New Museum, famous for its collection of Ugarit and Mari ruins. The old town, which is home to the Middle East's largest souks (markets), Khan al-Saboun and Khan al-Wazir, stone caravanserai, shops, medieval schools, and numerous mosques, was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1986. The Umayyad Great Mosque (715) is the largest in the country, and the Tuta Mosque, built in the 7th century, is the oldest. To the south is the Firdaus seminary (1235), said to be the most beautiful medieval building still standing in Syria. It is the center of silk textile trading, and its main industries are silk textiles, cotton printing, wool, leather, cement, and cotton ginning. It is a major distribution center for the surrounding agricultural products, and livestock farming is also thriving. Population: 1,445,000 (1992 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

アラブ語でハラブ Halab。シリア北西部，ハラブ県の県都。クワイク川沿いの石灰岩の丘 (390m) に位置する。内陸性気候で，夏季最高気温は 43～46℃。メソポタミア，小アジア，エジプトの文明の影響を受けて早くから都市国家が誕生。セレウコス朝治下で発展した。その後キリスト教が広まり4世紀まで司教座を設置。 637年アラブが侵入してからはウマイヤ朝の都市として繁栄。やがてセルジューク・トルコ，十字軍，アイユーブ朝，マムルーク朝などの支配を受け，1516年オスマン帝国に征服され，約 400年間支配された。第2次世界大戦後，旧市街の北方および西方に新市街が拡大し，シリア大学の分校，ウガリト遺跡やマリ遺跡のコレクションで有名な新博物館もある。中東随一のスーク (市場) のハーンアルサブーン，ハーンアルワジールが続き，石造りのキャラバンサライ，商店，中世の学校，数多くのモスクなどがある旧市街は，1986年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。特にウマイヤ大モスク (715) は最大の規模を有し，7世紀の創建になるトゥータモスクは最古のもの。南方にはシリア現存の中世建築のなかで最も美しいといわれる神学校フィルダウス (1235) がある。絹織物取引の中心地で，主要工業は絹織物，綿捺染のほか，羊毛，皮革，セメント，繰綿など。周辺の農作物の大集散地であり，牧畜も盛ん。人口 144万 5000 (1992推計) 。

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