Shimane Prefecture - Shimane

Japanese: 島根[県] - しまね

A prefecture facing the Sea of Japan in the northwest of the Chugoku region. It includes the Oki Islands. The prefectural capital is Matsue City. Area: 6,708.24 ^km2 . Population: 717,397 (2010). [History] Formerly consisting of the three provinces of Izumo, Iwami, and Oki, Izumo was the birthplace of ancient Izumo culture. During the Sengoku period, the Amago clan ruled the three provinces, and after 1578, the Mori clan, who defeated the Amago clan, ruled over the three provinces. During the Edo period, the Matsudaira clan of Matsue ruled, and Iwami was home to the two domains of Hamada and Tsuwano, as well as the Iwami Silver Mine, which was under shogunate control. In 1871, the prefecture was divided into three prefectures: Shimane, Omori, and Tsuwano, and in 1881, it was formed into its current boundaries. [Nature] The main ridge of the Chugoku Mountains, at around 1000m above sea level, runs east to west on the border with Hiroshima Prefecture in the south, and to the north lies the Iwami Plateau at 700-800m, with basins and valley plains formed by the Takatsu River, Gono River, and Kobe River scattered between. In the northeast are the Shimane Peninsula, Lake Shinji, and Lake Nakaumi, and to the west of Lake Shinji lies the Izumo Plain (Hinokawa Plain), formed by alluvial deposits of the Hii River and Kobe River. The coast is generally monotonous, except in the Shimane Peninsula area. The Oki Islands are volcanic islands that erupted in the Tertiary Period. It has a climate typical of the Japan Coast, with less snowfall in winter than other areas on the Japan Sea side, but less sunshine and stronger seasonal winds. [Industry] The population composition by industry is primary 10.1%, secondary 25.2%, tertiary 64.1% (2005). Economic development has been slow due to lack of flat land, good ports, and resources, and the proportion of primary industry is high. Arable land accounts for about 7.1% of the total area. Of that, 79.9% is rice paddies, mainly in the Izumo Plain (2003). Field crops and beef cattle are raised in the Iwami Plateau and mountain basins, and grapes and pears are grown on the coastal sand dunes. The fishing industry is centered in Hamada City, Kashima Town (now Matsue City), and Mihonoseki Town (now Matsue City), and horse mackerel, mackerel, squid, etc. are caught, and flounder and red sea bream are cultivated in Oki. Wakame seaweed and Hamada kamaboko are local specialties. In terms of minerals, the Wanibuchi Mine in Hirata City (now Izumo City) produced gypsum (the most in the country), but it closed in 1978. In terms of industry, the main industries are steel in Yasugi City, which continues the tradition of tatara ironmaking, textiles in Izumo City, electrical machinery in Matsue City, pulp in Gotsu City, woodworking and lumber in Masuda City, and agricultural tools in Higashiizumo Town. Traditional industries include Sekishu roof tiles, Japanese paper, and Unshu abacus. There are two quasi-national parks, Daisen-Oki National Park and Hiba-Dogo-Taishaku-Nishi Chugoku Sanchi. There are many historical sites and tourist attractions, such as temples and shrines such as Izumo Taisha, Ichibata Yakushi, and Gakuen-ji, hot springs such as Tamatsukuri, Sanbe, Yudaki, and Yunotsu, castle towns such as Matsue and Tsuwano, scenic Oni-no-Shitaburui, Tachikuekyo, Mt. Sanbe, and Oki Coast. Excellent local performing arts such as the Kagura dance of the Jindai period and the Sagimai dance of Tsuwano have also been passed down. In 1996, a large number of bronze bells from the middle of the Yayoi period were discovered in Kamo Town (now Izumo City), and the Kamo Iwakura Site was named. In 2007, the Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its cultural landscape were registered on the World Heritage List of the World Heritage Convention. [Transportation] The Sanin Main Line and National Route 9 run along the coast, forming the prefecture's main lines, while the Yamaguchi Line, Kisuki Line, San'in Line, and Hamada Expressway run inland. The Ichibata Electric Railway runs on the Shimane Peninsula, and there is a regular ferry route between Shichirui Port in Mihonoseki Town (now Matsue City) and Oki, and there are three airports: Izumo, Iwami, and Oki.
→ Related topics Izumo soba | San'in region | Chugoku region

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

中国地方北西部，日本海に面する県。隠岐諸島を含む。県庁所在地は松江市。6708.24km²。71万7397人（2010）。〔沿革〕　かつての出雲国・石見(いわみ)国・隠岐国３国にあたり，出雲は古代出雲文化の発祥地であった。戦国時代は尼子氏，1578年以後は尼子氏を破った毛利氏が３国を領有。江戸時代は松江藩松平氏が支配，石見には浜田・津和野２藩と幕府領の石見銀山があった。1871年島根・大森・津和野３県となり，1881年現県域となった。〔自然〕　南部の広島県境に標高1000m内外の中国山地の主脈が東西に走り，その北は700〜800mの石見高原が広がり，その間に高津川，江の川(ごうのがわ)，神戸(かんど)川などが形成した盆地や谷底平野が点在する。北東部には島根半島，宍道(しんじ)湖，中海があり，宍道湖の西には斐伊川，神戸川が沖積した出雲平野（簸川(ひのかわ)平野）が開ける。海岸は島根半島地区を除き一般に単調である。隠岐諸島は第三紀に噴出した火山島である。日本海岸式気候を呈し，日本海側の他の地方に比べ冬は積雪は少ないが，日照が少なく季節風が強い。〔産業〕　産業別人口構成は第１次10.1％，第２次25.2％，第３次64.1％（2005）。平地や良港，資源にも乏しいため，経済の発展が遅れ，第１次産業の比率が高い。耕地は全面積の約7.1％。その79.9％は出雲平野を中心とする水田である（2003）。石見高原や山間盆地では畑作，肉牛飼育，海岸砂丘ではブドウ・ナシ栽培が行われる。水産業は浜田市，鹿島町（現・松江市），美保関町（現・松江市）が中心で，アジ，サバ，イカなどを漁獲，隠岐ではカレイ，マダイなどの養殖がみられる。ワカメ，浜田のかまぼこは特産物。鉱産では平田市（現・出雲市）鰐淵(わにぶち)鉱山が石膏（全国一）を産していたが1978年に閉山した。工業では，たたら製鉄の伝統をひく安来市の鉄鋼，出雲市の繊維，松江市の電気機械，江津市のパルプ，益田市の木工・製材，東出雲町の農具などが主。在来の工業では石州瓦，和紙，雲州そろばんなど。大山隠岐国立公園と，比婆道後帝釈・西中国山地の２国定公園があり，出雲大社，一畑薬師，鰐淵(がくえん)寺などの寺社，温泉の玉造，三瓶(さんべ)，湯抱，温泉津(ゆのつ)など，城下町の松江，津和野，景勝の鬼の舌震(したぶるい)，立久恵峡，三瓶山，隠岐海岸など，史跡や観光地が多く，各地の神代神楽(かぐら)，津和野の鷺舞(さぎまい)などすぐれた郷土芸能も伝わる。1996年加茂町（現・出雲市）で，弥生時代中期の大量の銅鐸が発見され加茂岩倉遺跡と名づけられた。2007年に石見銀山遺跡とその文化的景観が世界遺産条約の文化遺産リストに登録された。〔交通〕　海岸沿いに山陰本線，国道９号線が通じて県の幹線をなし，内陸部は，山口線，木次(きすき)線，三江線，浜田自動車道が通じる。島根半島に一畑電車，美保関町（現・松江市）七類港〜隠岐間に定期航路が通じ，出雲・石見・隠岐３空港がある。
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