A book in the Old Testament. In the Masoretic text, it is the first of the "Writings" of poetry called Truth, and in Hebrew means "hymn." In the Septuagint, it is the second of the five literary books, and the name Psalms comes from its Greek name, psalmos (songs). This ancient translation is one of the most important sources, although it differs considerably from the Masoretic text. The 150 psalms are divided into five books (Vol. 1, Psalms 1-41; Vol. 2, Psalms 42-72; Vol. 3, Psalms 73-89; Vol. 4, Psalms 90-106; Vol. 5, Psalms 107-150) by analogy with the Pentateuch, and each book ends with a psalm, with Psalm 150 being the psalm that summarises the entire collection of Psalms. The Psalms are a collection of songs spanning a long period from the pre-Davidian period (11th century BCE) to the Maccabean period (1st century BCE). Although the majority of the psalms are attributed to David, they were likely composed by priests and Levites in Jerusalem for the rituals of the community. The majority of the psalms are songs of praise to God, but statistically, supplications are the most numerous. The famous Royal Psalms (2, 20, 21, 45, 89, 110, 132) are of a character of praise and supplication, and in the Christian tradition, the idea of the Messianic King at the core of these psalms is generally seen as a type of Jesus Christ, as Augustine's commentary shows. Although the function of the Psalms is ritualistic, they have had a great influence on Jewish and Christian thought beyond this framework. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
旧約聖書中の一書。マソラ本文では「諸書」のうちで真理と呼ばれる詩歌書の第1書で,ヘブライ語で賛歌の意。セプトゥアギンタでは5文学書の第2書で,詩篇の名はこのギリシア語名 psalmos (歌集) による。この古代訳はマソラ本文との間にかなりのずれをもつが,最も重要な資料の一つである。 150の詩篇はモーセ五書との類比によって5巻 (1巻第1~41編,2巻 42~72編,3巻 73~89編,4巻 90~106編,5巻 107~150編) に分けられ,そのおのおのが賛美で終っており,第 150編は詩篇集全体を総括する賛美となっている。『詩篇』はダビデ以前 (前 11世紀) からマカベア期 (前1世紀) までの長期に及ぶ歌の収集であり,著者は大多数がダビデに帰せられているが,実際には共同体の祭儀のためにエルサレムの祭司やレビ人が作ったものらしい。詩篇集の主流をなすものは神への賛美であるが,統計的には嘆願の歌が最も多い。有名な王の詩篇と呼ばれているもの (2,20,21,45,89,110,132) は賛美と嘆願の性格をもち,その中核をなすメシア王の思想を,キリスト教の伝統では,アウグスチヌスの講解が示すように,イエス・キリストの予型とみるのが一般的である。『詩篇』の機能は祭儀的な性質のものであるが,この枠をこえてユダヤ教,キリスト教思想に大きな影響を与えている。
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