Shareholder - Kabunushi

Japanese: 株主 - かぶぬし

The owner of the stock, that is, the investor and employee of a corporation. A shareholder has shareholder rights, and is not directly liable to the company's creditors, and is only obligated to invest in the company up to the subscription price of the stock. To become a shareholder, one must not only purchase shares, but also go through the procedure of changing the name of the stockholder and have their address and name listed on the company's shareholder register. Shareholders are treated equally according to the number of shares they hold. Shareholders are not allowed to leave the company, but in principle they are free to transfer their shares. Shareholders are broadly divided into individual shareholders and corporate shareholders such as financial institutions and business corporations, and individuals and corporations who hold shares for the long term are called stable shareholders. In addition, investment trusts and life insurance companies, etc., based on the accumulation of financial assets, actively invest in stocks in the stock market, and these are collectively referred to as institutional investors. [Shareholder's right to supervise and correct] Rights related to management supervision that are recognized to enable shareholders to protect their own interests. For example, there is the right to request to inspect the company's books to know the status of the company's business, and the right to file a shareholder's derivative suit to directly correct illegal conditions. Depending on the requirements for exercising these rights, they are divided into sole shareholder rights and minority shareholder rights.
→ Related topics Share exchange system | Shareholders' meeting | Injunctive relief | Class shares | Separation of ownership and management | Corporate shareholders

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

株式の所有者，すなわち株式会社の出資者であり，社員でもある。株主は株主権を有し，その責任は会社債権者に対する直接責任はなく，かつ株式の引受価額を限度とする会社への出資義務のみをもつ。株主になるためには単に株式を購入するだけでなく，名義書換えの手続きをとり，会社の株主名簿に住所・氏名を記載しなければならない。株主はその持株数に応じて平等の取扱いを受ける。株主には退社は認められないが，株式譲渡は原則として自由である。個人株主と金融機関，事業法人などの法人株主に大別され，長期的に保有する個人，法人を安定株主という。また金融資産の蓄積をもとに投資信託，生保などが株式市場で積極的に株式投資を行っており，これらは一括して機関投資家と総称される。［株主の監督是正権］株主が自らの利益を守ることを可能とするために認められる経営監督にかかわる権利。たとえば，会社の業務の状況を知るための帳簿閲覧請求権，違法な状態を直接的に是正するための株主代表訴訟提起権がある。その行使の要件により，単独株主権と少数株主権とに分けられる。
→関連項目株式交換制度｜株主総会｜差止請求権｜種類株式｜所有と経営の分離｜法人株主

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