A type of land god. It is known by names such as Jigami, Jijin, and Jinokami. Generally, it is considered to be a land god that protects fields and houses, but it can also be considered an ancestor spirit, as there are legends that enshrine the spirits of the developers of the fields, and legends that the spirits of those who have passed away 33 years ago become the land gods of the houses. Land gods have two sides: they are nature gods, and ancestor spirits as human spirits. There are stone, wooden, or straw shrines and trees in fields, mountains, roadsides, houses, and cemeteries, and they are enshrined at regular times throughout the year and temporarily. In Kyushu, blind monks visit temples to recite the Jijin prayer. In the Kanto region, Jijin-ko associations have been formed in villages. In the area around Tosa-cho, Tosa-gun, Kochi Prefecture, when many people in a house get sick or children or cows die, the tayu (court attendant) will announce that it is the curse of the 'Landlord', so there are cases where a stone shrine with the word 'Landlord' engraved on it is erected on the premises and worshipped during New Year and Obon. Also, when abandoned old graves are gathered together in one place, a similar stone shrine is erected nearby and worshipped. [Akata Mitsuo] "A Study of House Spirits" by Hiroji Naoe (1966, Yoshikawa Kobunkan) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
土地神の一種。ジガミ、ジジン、ジノカミなどの名称がある。一般には田畑や屋敷を守護する土地神とみなされるが、その田畑の開発者の霊を祀(まつ)るとする伝承や、33年忌を終えた霊が屋敷の地主神となる伝承があることから、祖霊とみなされる場合もある。自然神としての土地神、人間霊としての祖霊の二面性が地主神にはある。田畑、山中、路傍、屋敷、墓地などに石や木や藁(わら)の祠(ほこら)、樹木があり、年間定時、臨時に祀られる。九州では盲僧が地神経を唱えに回檀する。関東では地神講が村々に結成されている。高知県土佐郡土佐町周辺では、家に病人が多く出たり、子供や牛が死ぬと、太夫(たゆう)が「地主」の祟(たたり)と告げるので、屋敷内に「地主」と刻んだ石祠を建てて正月と盆に祀る例がある。また無縁化した古墓を一か所にまとめて整理したときにも、そのそばに同様の石祠を建てて祀る。 [赤田光男] 『直江広治著『屋敷神の研究』(1966・吉川弘文館)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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