A device that makes it practical and easy to calculate numbers. Modern computers perform numerical calculations, clerical work, information searches, document processing, reasoning, learning, and more, based on numerical calculations and string manipulation. The history of calculating machines is believed to date back several thousand years to when people drew lines on the ground to indicate place values and arranged pebbles to perform calculations. This method later developed into the abacus and abacus, and has continued to the present day. In the early 17th century, when Britain began to dominate the world's oceans, the Scottish nobleman J. Napier created logarithmic calculations, and then invented a calculating device called the Napier's calculating stick around 1617. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
数の計算を実用的に簡便に行う装置。現代のコンピューターは,数値の計算と文字列の操作を基礎にして,数値計算,事務処理,情報検索,文書処理,推論,学習などを行うようになってきている。 計算機械の歴史は,おそらく数千年の昔,地面に位取りの線を引き,小石を並べて計算を行ったことにまでさかのぼることができると推測されている。この方式はのちにアバクスやそろばんに発展し,現代にまで達している。イギリスが世界の海を支配し始めた17世紀初め,天文学や三角関数に基づいた航海術における計算需要を背景に,スコットランドの貴族J.ネーピアは対数計算を創始し,続いて1617年ころ〈ネーピアの計算棒〉と呼ばれる計算器具を発明した。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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