A specialized educational staff member who is engaged in affairs related to the guidance of the school curriculum, learning guidance, and other specialized matters related to school education. They are placed in the secretariat of the Board of Education. Most cities, towns, and villages do not have such positions, but prefectures are required to have them. There are those who have the status of general local government officials and those who perform the duties of a guidance director while retaining their status as public school teachers (fulfilling guidance directors) (Article 19 of the Law Concerning the Organization and Administration of Local Educational Administration). The supervisor system was established after the war, based on criticism and reflection on the pre-World War II inspection system. Unlike supervisors, who were supervisory and controlling, supervisors do not get involved in personnel matters of teachers, but rather act as advisors to teachers and provide them with professional advice and guidance. Therefore, the Board of Education Law (enacted in 1948) clearly stated that supervisors "may not give orders or supervision." However, in the Law Concerning the Organization and Management of Local Educational Administration enacted in 1956 (Showa 31), this wording was removed, and the wording "under orders from superiors" was added. In addition, initially, a supervisor license was established to ensure the quality of professional guidance and advice, and later an appointment qualification system was put in place, but today there is no clear qualification system. It is said that the supervisor's controlling nature has strengthened since 1956, but the original role of the supervisor remains to provide non-authoritative professional guidance and advice to teachers. [Takahashi Hiroto] [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
学校における教育課程、学習指導その他学校教育に関する専門的事項の指導に関する事務に従事する専門的教育職員。教育委員会の事務局に置かれている。市町村では置いていないことが多いが、都道府県の場合には必置となっている。一般職の地方公務員の身分を有する者と、公立学校教員の身分のまま指導主事の職務を行う者(充(あ)て指導主事)がある(地方教育行政の組織及び運営に関する法律第19条)。 指導主事制度は第二次世界大戦前の視学制度に対する批判と反省を踏まえて戦後新たに設けられた。指導主事は監督的、統制的な視学と異なり、教員の人事に関与せず、もっぱら教員の相談相手として専門的な助言と指導を行うことになった。したがって教育委員会法(1948年制定)は「命令及び監督をしてはならない」と明記していた。しかし1956年(昭和31)に制定された「地方教育行政の組織及び運営に関する法律」ではこの文言はなくなり、しかも「上司の命を受け」という文言が加わった。また、当初は専門的指導助言の質を確保するために指導主事免許状が設けられ、その後、任用資格制度がとられたが、今日では明確な資格制度はない。56年以降統制的性格が強まってきたといわれるが、指導主事の本来の役割は、教員に対する非権力的な専門的指導助言にあることは変わりない。 [高橋寛人] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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