Mass spectrum

Japanese: 質量スペクトル - しつりょうスペクトル(英語表記)mass spectrum
Mass spectrum
The mass of various charged particles produced when a substance is ionized; more precisely, the ratio m / e of mass m to charge e (an integer with the elementary charge as a unit) and the measured relative intensity. Mass spectra reflect the process of ionization of substances and bond cleavage, so they are effective for identifying substances and are useful for molecular structure analysis and interpretation. However, this changes depending on the ionization method and conditions. When the pressure of methane is increased, the m / e 17CH5 + due to the ion-molecule reaction CH4 + + CH4CH5 + + CH3 increases in proportion to the square of the pressure. Therefore, when methane is mixed with a trace sample (chemical formula M) as a reactant gas, the reaction M+ CH5 + →(M+H) + + CH4 occurs, and the (M+H) + ion is strong and there are almost no fragment ions. This is called chemical ionization. Chemical ions have the characteristic that they can be detected as (M+H) +, etc., even if the molecular ion M + is unstable and cannot be detected by electron impact ionization. In methane, as the impact acceleration voltage is increased, m / e 16CH4 + appears for the first time at about 13 eV, followed by m / e 15CH3 + at about 14.3 eV, etc. The appearance voltage is the minimum energy required to produce each ion, and in the case of ground state molecular ions, it is called the ionization energy. This is an important measured value for electronic levels and binding energy. In mass spectra, metastable ions (peaks) that are further fragmented during flight may appear with unique apparent masses. In addition to positive ions, specific information can be obtained from negative ion mass spectra. In high-resolution mass spectra, the elemental composition can be determined immediately by precise mass measurement of each ion. (→ Mass spectrometer, Mass analysis)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
物質をイオン化したとき生成する種々の荷電粒子の質量で,正確には質量 m と電荷 e (電荷素量を単位とする整数) との比 m/e と相対強度の実測値。質量スペクトルは,物質がイオン化し,また結合が開裂する過程を反映しているので,物質同定に有効であり,また分子構造解析や解釈に有用である。しかし,これはイオン化方式とその条件で変貌する。メタンの圧力を増大すると,イオン-分子反応 CH4++CH4→CH5++CH3 による m/e17CH5+ が圧力の2乗に比例して増大する。そこでメタンを反応ガスとして微量試料 (化学式M) と混合すると,反応 M+CH5+→(M+H)++CH4 が起り,(M+H)+ イオンが強く,断片 (フラグメント) イオンがほとんど存在しなくなる。これを化学イオン化と呼ぶ。化学イオンは,分子イオン M+ が不安定で,電子衝撃イオン化では検出不可能な場合でも,(M+H)+ などとして検出可能な特徴をもつ。メタンでは,衝撃加速電圧を増大していくと,約 13eVで初めて m/e16CH4+ が出現し,続いて約 14.3eVで m/e15CH3+,… などが出現する。出現電圧は各イオン生成に必要な最小エネルギーであり,基底状態分子イオンの場合はイオン化エネルギーと呼ぶ。これは電子準位や結合エネルギーに関する重要な実測値である。質量スペクトルでは,イオンが飛行中にさらに開裂した準安定イオン (ピーク) が特異な見かけ質量で現れることがある。また正イオンばかりでなく,負イオン質量スペクトルからも特有な情報が得られる。高分解能質量スペクトルでは各イオンについて質量精密測定によりただちに元素組成決定が可能である。 (→質量分析計 , 質量分析 )

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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