indemnity

…In modern Western history, when a dispute between sovereign states was resolved by war, it was customary for one of the warring states to compensate the other for the damages caused by the war in money, goods, etc. The practice of the victorious state imposing an indemnity on the defeated state developed into a common practice in the 17th century, and by the 19th century it became common for provisions regarding indemnity to be included in peace treaties. In response to the development of international markets, the amount of indemnity was assessed and paid in accordance with the legal system that was the pillar of the domestic commodity economy. …

*Some explanations of terms that mention "indemnity" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…西欧近代史において，主権国家間の紛争に戦争という形で決着がつけられた場合，交戦国の一方が他方に対して，戦争によって生じた損害を金銭，物品などで賠償するという慣行があった。戦勝国が敗戦国に償金indemnityを課す慣行は，17世紀以来，一般的な方式に展開し，19世紀には償金に関する規定を講和条約に盛り込むのが通常となった。国際市場の発展に応じて，国内の商品経済の柱である法体系に準拠し，償金金額の評価，支払いが行われた。…

※「indemnity」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報