Tartar - Dental plaque

Japanese: 歯石 - しせき
Tartar - Dental plaque

Calculus is a hard substance that accumulates on the surfaces of teeth and dentures. Calculus is formed when inorganic salts in serum or saliva deposit and calcify dental plaque. When tartar first forms, it is soft, but as it ages, it hardens due to the increase in inorganic content. Calculus, along with dental plaque, is a major cause of gingivitis and periodontitis. The inorganic matter in tartar is 75.97% calcium phosphate, 3.17% calcium carbonate, and 3.77% magnesium phosphate, while the organic matter is 8.34% protein, 2.71% fat, and 6.04% water and other substances. Calculus is divided into supragingival calculus and subgingival calculus depending on where it accumulates, but their chemical composition is almost the same. Supragingival calculus is a yellowish-white calculus that accumulates above the gum line (the crown of the tooth) and can be observed directly. Subgingival calculus is a black-brown-white tartar that accumulates on the root surface of the teeth in the gaps (periodontal pockets) that form when the gums peel off from the surface of the teeth due to periodontitis.It is harder and more firmly attached than supragingival calculus.

[Ihachi Kato]

[References] | Plaque | Tartar removal

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

歯および義歯などの表面に堆積(たいせき)する硬い物質をいう。歯石は血清または唾液(だえき)中の無機塩類が沈着して、歯垢(しこう)が石灰化することによって形成される。形成初期の歯石は軟らかいが、古くなると無機質の含有量を増して硬くなる。歯石は歯垢と並んで歯肉炎または歯周炎の有力な原因である。歯石中の無機質はリン酸カルシウム75.97%、炭酸カルシウム3.17%、リン酸マグネシウム3.77%であり、有機質はタンパク質8.34%、脂肪2.71%、水分その他6.04%となっている。歯石は堆積する場所によって歯肉縁上歯石と歯肉縁下歯石とに分けられるが、化学的組成はほぼ同じである。歯肉縁上歯石は、歯肉の辺縁より上部(歯冠部)に堆積する帯黄白色の歯石で、直接観察することができる。歯肉縁下歯石は、歯周炎によって歯肉が歯の表面から剥離(はくり)したために形成される「すきま」(歯周ポケット)の歯根表面に堆積する黒褐白の歯石で、歯肉縁上歯石より硬く、また強固に付着している。

[加藤伊八]

[参照項目] | 歯垢 | 歯石除去

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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