Olivier, Laurence (Kerr), Baron Olivier of Brighton

Japanese: オリビエ(英語表記)Olivier, Laurence (Kerr), Baron Olivier of Brighton
Olivier, Laurence (Kerr), Baron Olivier of Brighton
Born 22 May 1907 in Dorking, Surrey
[Died] July 11, 1989. West Sussex British actor. He was with the Birmingham Repertory Theatre from 1926 to 1928. In 1935, he gained attention for his role as Romeo and Mercutio in Romeo and Juliet, alternating with J. Gielgud at the New Theatre. In 1937, he joined the Old Vic, where he established his reputation as a Shakespearean actor in Hamlet (1937), Macbeth, and Iago in Othello. He was co-director of the Old Vic from 1944 to 1949. In 1955, he gave a remarkable revival of Titus Andronicus at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre (now the Royal Shakespeare Theatre), and gave excellent performances in Peer Gynt (45), Oedipus Rex (45), Sheridan's The School for Badmouthing (48), and C. Fry's Venus Observed (50). He served as director of the Chichester Festival from 1962 to 1965, and in 1962 he became director of the National Theatre when it was founded, directing its first production, Hamlet (63), and in 1964 he played Othello for the first time, which caused a great sensation. He also appeared in many films, but he is particularly known for Shakespeare's Hamlet (which he produced and starred in, winning the Academy Award for Best Picture and Best Actor in 1948), Henry V, Richard III, and Othello. His second wife was V. Lee. He was knighted in 1947, and in 1970 he became the first actor to be granted a life peerage, becoming Baron Brighton, and in 1981 he was made an honorary knight.

Olivier
Olivier (Olivier), Émile

Born: July 2, 1825 in Marseille
[Died] August 20, 1913. Haute-Savoie, Saint-Gervais-les-Bains. French politician during the final years of the Second Empire. Became a republican member of parliament in 1857, and became close to Napoleon III. From the leader of the "Third Party" he became Prime Minister in January 1870, and immediately proposed the "Constitution of 1870", which was approved by a national referendum. This constitution aimed to establish a parliamentary system under the Empire (→Parliamentary Empire). In July of the same year, he declared war on Prussia, and the Franco-Prussian War broke out. French troops were defeated in various places, and he resigned as Prime Minister in August of the same year. Napoleon III, who went to the rescue, was surrounded and captured in Sedan in September of the same year, and the Second Empire collapsed. His main work was L'Empire libéral (1895-1912).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1907.5.22. サリー,ドーキング
[没]1989.7.11. ウェストサセックス
イギリスの俳優。 1926~28年バーミンガム・レパートリー劇場に所属。 35年ニュー・シアターで J.ギールグッドと交互出演した『ロミオとジュリエット』のロミオとマーキューシオの2役で注目された。 37年オールド・ビック劇場に加わり,『ハムレット』 (1937) をはじめ,『マクベス』や『オセロ』のイアーゴーなどで,シェークスピア俳優としての名声を確立。 44~49年オールド・ビック劇場の共同監督。 55年シェークスピア記念劇場 (現ロイヤル・シェークスピア劇場) で『タイタス・アンドロニカス』の注目すべき復活上演を行なったほか,『ペール・ギュント』 (45) ,『オイディプス王』 (45) ,シェリダンの『悪口学校』 (48) ,C.フライの『観測されたビーナス』 (50) などですぐれた演技を見せた。 62~65年チチェスター演劇祭の監督をつとめ,また 62年ナショナル・シアターの設立に伴い監督に就任し,第1回公演の『ハムレット』 (63) を演出,また 64年初めてオセロを演じて大きな反響を呼んだ。多くの映画にも出演しているが,彼が制作・主演した『ハムレット』 (1948年アカデミー作品賞・主演男優賞受賞) をはじめ,『ヘンリー5世』『リチャード3世』『オセロ』のシェークスピア作品は特に有名。2番目の妻は V.リー。 47年ナイトの称号を受け,70年俳優として初めて一代貴族 life peerを許されてブライトン男爵となり,81年名誉勲爵士に叙せられた。

オリビエ
Ollivier(Olivier), Émile

[生]1825.7.2. マルセイユ
[没]1913.8.20. オートサボア,サンジェルベレバン
第二帝政末期のフランスの政治家。 1857年共和派議員となり,ナポレオン3世に接近。「第三党」の指導者から 70年1月首相に就任,ただちに「1870年憲法」を提案し,国民投票によって承認された。この憲法は帝政のもとで議会制を確立しようとするものであった (→議会帝政 ) 。次いで同年7月プロシアに宣戦布告し,普仏戦争が勃発,フランス軍は各地で撃退され,同年8月首相を辞任した。救援におもむいたナポレオン3世も同年9月スダンで包囲されたうえ捕虜となり,第二帝政は崩壊した。主著『自由帝国』L'Empire libéral (1895~1912) 。

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