Nagasaki Prefecture - Nagasaki

Japanese: 長崎[県] - ながさき

A prefecture in western Kyushu. It includes Iki, Tsushima, and the Goto Islands. The prefectural capital is Nagasaki City. Area: ^{4,132.09 km2} . Population: 1,426,779 (2010). [History] Nagasaki covers the western half of Hizen Province, Iki Island, and Tsushima Island. Nagasaki has had close ties with the continent since ancient times. During the period of national isolation, Nagasaki was Japan's only gateway to the outside world, and the Portuguese and Dutch brought goods from the continent and the south, making it the center of Christian evangelism. During the Edo period, a magistrate was placed in Tenryo Nagasaki, and the rest belonged to various domains such as Shimabara, Omura, Hirado, Fukue, and Izuhara. In 1869, Nagasaki became Nagasaki Prefecture, and in 1871, the four domains except Izuhara became prefectures and merged with Nagasaki Prefecture. In 1872, Tsushima was merged, and in 1893, Iki was added to the prefecture to form the current prefectural boundaries. [Nature] The main part is the majority of the islands in western Kyushu, which is further divided into the Shimabara Peninsula in the east, the Nagasaki Peninsula in the south, the Nishisonogi Peninsula in the west, and the Kitamatsuura Peninsula in the north. There are no mountains over 1000m above sea level except for the Unzen volcanic group and Mount Tara, and most of the area is occupied by low mountains and plateaus. There are few plains, and the largest is the Isahaya Plain downstream of the Honmyo River. The islands consist of Iki, Tsushima, the Goto Islands, Hirado Island, and more than 600 small islands. Most of the coast is a submerged coast with a significant curvature, and the coastline extends for 3700 km. It has a warm, rainy oceanic climate, and subtropical plants can be seen. There is a lot of damage from typhoons and heavy rains at the end of the rainy season. [Industry] The population composition by industry is 9.1% primary, 20.7% secondary, and 69.7% tertiary (2005). Arable land accounts for only 12.6% of the prefecture's area, and much of it is on sloping land. Paddy fields, other than the Isahaya Plain, are mainly found along the Ariake Sea coast, which has been reclaimed since the feudal era, and account for about 49% of all arable land. In terms of gross agricultural production, the order is livestock, vegetables, rice, and fruit, with rice accounting for a low proportion. Mogi is the top producer of loquats in the nation, the Shimabara Peninsula is the top producer of potatoes, and mandarin oranges are fifth in the nation. In addition, beef cattle breeding and shiitake mushroom cultivation are also thriving in Hirado and Goto. The prefecture is rich in fishing grounds and good harbors, and is known as a fishing prefecture. The amount of fish caught is second only to Hokkaido. The main catches are bottom trawls in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea to the west, and purse seine nets from Goto to the Korea Strait, and horse mackerel, mackerel, bonito, tuna, yellowtail in fixed nets, and squid caught by single line. Sea bream, yellowtail, and pearl farming are also thriving in Omura Bay, and seaweed farming is also carried out in the Ariake Sea. In the mining industry, there were coal mines in the Sasebo coalfield in the north and the Nishisonogi coalfield in the south, but due to the recession, many of them were abandoned. The Taishu mine in Tsushima produced lead and zinc, but closed in 1973. The main manufacturing industries were shipbuilding, machinery, metals, and food, but shipbuilding in Nagasaki and Sasebo, which was the core of the prefecture's industry, has declined since the 1970s. In recent years, semiconductor parts factories have been established in Isahaya and Omura, and with the development of high-speed transportation networks, advanced technology industries are increasingly being established. Other industries include canned mandarin oranges, processed seafood (dried squid, dried sardines, karasumi), processed agricultural products (starch, alcohol), and tortoiseshell crafts in Nagasaki. There are two national parks, Unzen-Amakusa National Park and Saikai National Park, and Iki-Tsushima Quasi-National Park, and the scenery of the diverse coastline and archipelago is excellent. There are Christian ruins and historical sites of the Nanban red-haired culture in various places, including Nagasaki, Hirado, and Shimabara. Nagasaki City in particular has many famous places such as Oura Cathedral, Glover House, Sofukuji Temple, Urakami Peace Park, and theme park Huis Ten Bosch, as well as many events such as Okunchi and Peiron. [Transportation] The main lines in the prefecture are the Nagasaki Main Line, which ends in Nagasaki City, the Nagasaki Expressway, and National Route 34. The Sasebo Line, Matsuura Railway, Nishi Kyushu Expressway, National Routes 204 and 206 run through the north of the prefecture, including Sasebo City and Hirado City, the Omura Line runs along the coast of Omura Bay, and the Shimabara Railway runs through the Shimabara Peninsula. There are ships to the islands from the ports of Nagasaki, Sasebo, and Hirado. In addition to Nagasaki Airport in Omura City, there are airports in Fukue, Iki, Tsushima, Kamigotō, and Ojika, and air routes to remote islands are also well developed.
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Japanese:

九州西部の県。壱岐，対馬，五島列島を含む。県庁所在地は長崎市。4132.09km²。142万6779人（2010）。〔沿革〕　かつての肥前国西半部と壱岐島，対馬島にあたり，古来，大陸との交渉が深く，特に長崎は鎖国時代の日本唯一の外国への門戸として，ポルトガル人やオランダ人によって大陸・南方の物資がもたらされ，キリシタン伝道の中心となった。江戸時代には天領長崎に奉行が置かれ，他は島原，大村，平戸，福江，厳原(いずはら)などの諸藩に属した。1869年長崎が長崎県となり，1871年厳原を除く４藩がそれぞれ県となり長崎県と合併，1872年対馬を合併，1893年壱岐を合わせ現県域となる。〔自然〕　主部は九州西部の大半島で，さらに東部の島原半島，南部の長崎半島，西部の西彼杵(にしそのぎ)半島，北部の北松浦半島に分かれる。雲仙火山群と多良岳以外に標高1000mを超える山はなく，大部分が低い山地と台地で占められる。平野に乏しく，本明(ほんみょう)川下流の諫早(いさはや)平野が最大。島部は壱岐，対馬，五島列島，平戸島のほか600余の小島からなる。海岸は大部分が沈降海岸で屈曲が著しく，海岸線は延長3700kmに及ぶ。温暖多雨の海洋性気候で，亜熱帯植物もみられる。台風や梅雨末期の豪雨による被害が多い。〔産業〕　産業別人口構成は第１次9.1％，第２次20.7％，第３次69.7％（2005）。耕地は県面積のわずか12.6％で，しかも傾斜地が多い。水田は諫早平野以外では，藩政時代以来干拓されてきた有明海沿岸が主で，全耕地の約49％。農業粗生産額では畜産，野菜，米，果樹の順で，米の比率が低い。茂木を中心としたビワは全国第１位，島原半島などのジャガイモは同１位，ミカン同５位の生産量がある。ほかには平戸，五島などの肉牛飼育，シイタケ栽培も盛ん。漁場，良港に富み，漁業県として知られる。漁獲量は北海道につぎ第２位。東シナ海と黄海の以西底引網，五島近海〜朝鮮海峡の巻網が中心で，アジ，サバ，カツオ，マグロ，定置網のブリ，一本釣のイカなどを漁獲。大村湾などのタイ，ブリ，真珠養殖も盛んで，有明海ではノリ養殖も行われる。鉱業では県北の佐世保炭田，県南の西彼杵炭田に属する諸炭鉱があったが，不況による廃鉱が相次いだ。対馬の対州鉱山は鉛，亜鉛を産したが1973年閉山。製造工業の中心は造船・機械・金属・食品工業であるが，県工業の中核であった長崎・佐世保両市の造船業は1970年代以降後退した。近年は諫早・大村両市に半導体部品工場が進出するなど，高速交通網の整備に伴い先端技術産業の立地が進んでいる。他にミカンかん詰，水産加工（するめ，煮干，からすみ），農産加工（デンプン，アルコール），長崎市のべっこう細工がある。雲仙天草国立公園，西海国立公園の２国立公園，壱岐対馬国定公園があり，変化に富む海岸と多島海の光景がすぐれる。長崎，平戸，島原をはじめ各地にキリシタン遺跡や南蛮紅毛文化の史跡があり，特に長崎市には大浦天主堂，グラバー邸，崇福(そうふく)寺，浦上の平和公園，テーマパーク〈ハウステンボス〉などの名所，おくんち，ペーロンなど行事が多い。〔交通〕　主部は長崎市を終点とする長崎本線と長崎自動車道，国道34号線が幹線で，佐世保市，平戸市など県北に佐世保線，松浦鉄道，西九州自動車道，国道204，206号線，大村湾岸に大村線，島原半島に島原鉄道などが通じる。島部へは長崎，佐世保，平戸各港から船便がある。大村市に長崎空港があるほか，福江・壱岐・対馬・上五島・小値賀空港があり，離島空路も発達する。
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