In December 1927, under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, people in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province rose up in armed rebellion under the slogans "land to the peasants," "food to the workers," and "all power to the Soviets," establishing a Soviet government. It is also known as the Canton Uprising, and in China as the Guangzhou Corporation. Following the Shanghai Coup (April 12 Incident) by Chiang Kai-shek in April of the same year, the Kuomintang began terrorizing and suppressing the Communist Party and popular movements in various places, but in response, the Communist Party organized an armed uprising. In Guangdong, the base of the Nationalist Revolution, revolutionary forces were strong, as seen in the establishment of the Hailu Feng Soviet Government in November of that year and strikes by sailors and printers in Guangzhou, and the Communist Party had a strong influence even within the Zhang Fakui army that controlled Guangzhou. In the early morning of December 11, the people rose up in revolt under the leadership of Ye Ting, Zhang Tailei and others, took control of the entire city, held a large rally of 30,000 people and proclaimed the establishment of a Soviet government with Su Zhaozheng as its chairman. However, it collapsed within three days after a counterattack by the Nationalist army. It is considered to be the product of the urban-focused adventurism of the leadership at the time. [Tadao Furumaya] "The Song of Arirang" by Nim Wales, translated by Jiro Ando (1964, Misuzu Shobo) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1927年12月、広東(カントン)省広州(こうしゅう/コワンチョウ)市で中国共産党の指導下に「土地を農民へ」「労働者に食物を」「すべての権力をソビエトへ」などのスローガンを掲げて民衆が武装蜂起(ほうき)し、ソビエト政府を樹立した事件。広東暴動とよばれたこともあり、また、中国では広州公社という。同年4月の蒋介石(しょうかいせき/チヤンチエシー)による上海(シャンハイ)クーデター(四・一二事件)を契機に国民党は各地で共産党と民衆運動に対するテロ、弾圧を開始したが、これに対抗して共産党は武装蜂起を組織した。国民革命の拠点であった広東では、同年11月の海陸豊(かいりくほう)ソビエト政府の樹立や、広州の海員や印刷工のストライキにみられるように革命勢力の力が根強く、広州を支配していた張発奎(ちょうはっけい)軍のなかでも共産党の影響力が強かった。12月11日早朝、葉挺(ようてい/イェティン)、張太雷(ちょうたいらい)らの指導下に蜂起した民衆は全市を制圧、3万人の大集会を開き蘇兆徴(そちょうちょう/スーチャオチョン)を主席とするソビエト政府樹立を宣言した。しかし、国民党軍の逆襲を受け3日間で崩壊した。当時の指導部の都市重視の冒険主義の産物とされている。 [古厩忠夫] 『ニム・ウェイルズ著、安藤次郎訳『アリランの歌』(1964・みすず書房)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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