Factual and legal review - jijitsushinhouritsushin

Japanese: 事実審･法律審 - じじつしんほうりつしん

Because trials are a major task in determining the rights and obligations of the parties, procedural law has established a three-tier system in which cases are heard three times by courts of different levels to ensure fairness in judgments. In order to ensure a reasonable division of duties between the different levels, the first and appellate courts (second instance) are factual courts that hear the case from both the factual and legal aspects, while the appellate court (third instance) is a legal court that hears only the legal aspects (the appellate court and the appellate court are collectively called the appellate courts). Therefore, if the determination of facts (issues of fact) is decided only in the appellate court, and the appellate court mainly hears violations of laws and regulations (issues of law), a single or a small number of courts will be solely responsible for the task of making final decisions on legal standards, which will contribute to unifying the interpretation of laws and regulations.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

裁判が当事者の権利義務を決定するという重大な課題を担うことから，訴訟法は，審級の異なる裁判所が3度にわたって審理を重ねる三審制度を設けて判決の適正を期している。各審級間の合理的職務分担を図るため，第一審･控訴審(第二審)を事実と法律の両面から事件を審理する事実審とし，上告審(第三審)を法律面に限って審理を行う法律審としている(控訴審と上告審をあわせて上訴審という)。そこで，事実の認定(事実問題)は控訴審かぎりで決着をつけることとし，上告審は法令違反(法律問題)を中心に審理をすることにすれば，単一または少数の裁判所が法的基準の最終的決定の任務を集中的に引き受けることになって，法令解釈の統一に資する。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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