This is a formula that shows the tooth structure of mammals. Mammals are generally heterodont, with four types of teeth, but since the number of each type of tooth varies depending on the animal species, a dental formula is used to show the number. Dental formulas are generally written by listing the number of incisors, canines, premolars, and molars on one side of the upper and lower jaws, respectively, from left to right above and below a horizontal line. Premolars and molars are also collectively called cheek teeth. The number of teeth of the ancestors of higher mammals was usually as follows: three incisors, one canine, four premolars, and three molars on one side of each upper and lower jaw, for a total of 44. Therefore, the basic formula for mammals is [Sumio Takahashi] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
哺乳(ほにゅう)類の歯の構成を表記した式をいう。一般に哺乳類は異歯性で4種類の歯をもつが、動物種によって各種の歯数が異なるので、歯式を用いてその数を表す。歯式は、横線の上下に、それぞれ上顎(じょうがく)と下顎の片側の門歯(切歯)incisor、犬歯canine、前臼歯(きゅうし)(小臼歯)premolar、後臼歯(大臼歯)molarの数を左から順次表記する方法が一般的である。前臼歯と後臼歯をまとめて頬歯(きょうし)cheek teethともよぶ。高等哺乳類の祖先の歯数は、普通は以下のようであった。すなわち、上下それぞれのあごの片側に門歯3本、犬歯1本、前臼歯4本、後臼歯3本があり、総数は44本である。したがって、哺乳類の基本式は [高橋純夫] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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