In antennas that emit and receive radio waves, as well as in audio devices such as microphones and speakers, the radiation intensity and receiving sensitivity generally vary depending on the direction. This directional characteristic is specific to each antenna or audio device, and is called directivity or directional characteristics. An antenna or audio device is said to have directional characteristics when the directional characteristics are not uniform, while an antenna or audio device has directional characteristics that are completely uniform. A diagram of directivity is called a directional pattern, and within that, the maximum radiation direction and its vicinity are called the main beam. The sharper the main beam, the more sensitive an antenna or audio device is at receiving radio waves or sound waves coming from that direction, and when transmitting, the stronger the radio waves or sound waves can be emitted in that direction. [Noboru Wakai] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
電波を放射したり受信するためのアンテナや、マイクロホン、スピーカーなどの音響機器では、一般に放射強度や受信感度が方向によって異なる。この方向特性はそのアンテナや音響機器固有のものであり、これを指向性あるいは指向特性とよんでいる。方向特性が一様でないものを指向性があるといい、方向特性がまったく一様なものを無指向性であるという。指向性を図示したものを指向性パターンとよび、そのなかで最大放射方向およびその近傍を主ビームという。主ビームの鋭いアンテナや音響機器ほど、その方向から到来する電波や音波を感度よく受信でき、送信の場合にはその方向に電波や音波を強く放射することができる。 [若井 登] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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