Imamiya Shrine Four-Sided Stone Buddhas

Japanese: 今宮神社四方石仏 - いまみやじんじゃしほうせきぶつ
Imamiya Shrine Four-Sided Stone Buddhas

...stone Buddha statues. Based on the shape of the stone carved, they are broadly divided into three types: stone Buddhas carved into free-standing movable stones, cliff-carved Buddhas carved into exposed rock layers, and cave Buddhas carved into caves dug into rock layers. Based on the state of carving, they are divided into line carvings, thin-walled carvings (reliefs), half-walled carvings, high-walled carvings (with most of the sides carved out), and round carvings. Stone is one of the most common carving materials, and was actively produced in various places since India as Buddhism spread.
[India]
From around the 2nd to 1st century BC, round stone statues of yakshis and yakshas and reliefs for the stone balustrades of stupas were made, but around the 2nd century AD, during the Kushan dynasty, the making of Buddhist statues began in Gandhara and Mathura, and the production of stone Buddha statues began.

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the Imamiya Shrine Four-Sided Stone Buddhas are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…石造の仏像。彫刻される石の形状から,移動できる独立した石材に彫られた石仏,露出した岩層面に彫られた磨崖仏,岩層に窟をうがってその中に彫られた石窟仏の3種に大別される。彫出の状態からは,線刻,薄肉彫(レリーフ),半肉彫,高肉彫(側面をほとんど彫出したもの),丸彫に分けられる。石は彫刻用材として最も普遍的なものの一つであり,インド以来仏教の伝播にしたがって各地で盛んに製作された。
[インド]
 紀元前2~前1世紀ころからヤクシー,ヤクシャの丸彫石像やストゥーパの石製欄楯の浮彫などが作られていたが,クシャーナ朝の2世紀ころにガンダーラとマトゥラーで仏像の造顕が始まり,石仏の製作が始まった。…

※「今宮神社四方石仏」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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