Qualification system - Shikakusei

Japanese: 資格制度 - しかくせいど

A system for ranking employees based on their abilities, educational background, years of service, etc. Qualifications are a kind of status and treatment that is not directly related to regular job titles in the organizational hierarchy, and can be said to have been created by the personnel management system unique to Japan, namely, lifetime employment and seniority-based system. Qualification names have long been in use, such as chief clerk, assistant chief clerk, counselor, deputy counselor, clerk, and engineer. In recent years, in order to make up for the lack of positions in the organizational hierarchy, the number of employees who are not positions themselves but are treated the same as positions has been increasing.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

能力，学歴，勤続年数などによって従業員の格づけを行う制度。資格は正規の職制上の役職とは直接的には関係のない一種の身分的，待遇的なもので，終身雇用制と年功序列という，日本特有の人事管理制度が生み出したものといえる。資格の名称としては主事，主事補，参事，副参事，書記，技師などが古くから用いられている。近年では職制上の役職不足を補うために，役職そのものではないが役職と同じ待遇に処するという位置づけの社員が増加している。

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