An international bank for the central banks of various countries, established in Basel, Switzerland in May 1930 through joint investment. Japan was once a non-member under the San Francisco Peace Treaty, but rejoined in 1970. As of the end of June 2006, there are 55 member banks. It accepts deposits, buys and sells gold and foreign exchange, and performs agency and trustee services for the member central banks, as well as publishing statistical data on international finance. It also serves as a forum for discussion among central banks of various countries on international financial issues. In July 1988, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, a subordinate organization of the BIS, agreed on international uniform regulations requiring banks conducting international business to have a capital adequacy ratio of 8% or more (the so-called BIS regulations, implemented at the end of 1992), and in January 1996, market risk was included in the scope of the regulations (implemented at the end of 1997). In June 1999, a new BIS regulation (Basel II) was proposed, which sets more detailed risk weights according to the rating of the borrower and is more comprehensive, including operational risk. The final plan will be finalized in June 2004, and the system will be gradually introduced from the end of 2006. (Naoyoshi Kinukawa, Director of Economic Research, Institute for International Monetary Affairs / 2007) Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo |
1930年5月、共同出資によりスイスのバーゼルに設立された各国中央銀行のための国際銀行。日本はサンフランシスコ講和条約に基づきいったん非加盟となったが、70年に復帰した。加盟行は2006年6月末現在55行。加盟国中央銀行のために、預金の受け入れ、金・為替の売買、代理行為や受託業務を行うだけでなく、国際金融の統計資料の公表なども行う。また、国際金融問題についての各国中央銀行間の討議機関でもあり、88年7月にBISの下部組織であるバーゼル銀行監督委員会において、国際業務を行う銀行に必要な自己資本比率を8%以上とする国際的統一規制が合意され(いわゆるBIS規制、実施は92年末)、96年1月には市場リスクが規制対象に含まれた(97年末実施)。99年6月には、融資先の格付けに応じてより細かくリスク・ウエート(risk weight)を定め、オペレーショナルリスクも含むより包括的な内容を持つ新BIS規制(バーゼルII)が提案された。2004年6月に最終案がまとまり、06年末から段階的に導入される。
(絹川直良 国際通貨研究所経済調査部長 / 2007年) 出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について 情報 |
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