Diazonium salt - diazonium salt

Japanese: ジアゾニウム塩 - じあぞにうむえん(英語表記)diazonium salt
Diazonium salt - diazonium salt

It is a salt with a diazo group = N2 , ArN2 + X- , where Ar is an aryl group and X- is an anion such as Cl- , SO4H- , or BF4- . It has an intermediate structure between the following two structural formulas.


Except for special cases where Ar has an electron-withdrawing group and the anion is BF 4 - , these compounds are unstable and difficult to isolate and dry, so they are handled in solution. They are synthesized by adding sodium nitrite to an aqueous solution of aromatic amine hydrochloride or sulfate, or by dissolving the amine in an organic solvent such as acetic acid and reacting with isoamyl nitrite. Many of these compounds are soluble in water but not in ether. They are highly reactive and release nitrogen gas to carry out various reactions. Diazo groups are useful compounds in organic synthesis because they can be converted to hydroxy groups by hydrolysis under acidic conditions, and to halogen atoms and cyano groups by using copper(I) salts. The diazo coupling reaction with phenols and amines is an important reaction in dye synthesis. They are explosive and require caution.

[Rikuhei Tani

[References] | Amyl nitrite | Amines | Aryl groups | Hydrolysis | Coupling | Diazo reaction | Phenols

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ジアゾ基=N2をもつ塩ArN2+X-をいう。ここでArはアリール基、X-はCl-、SO4H-、BF4-などの陰イオンである。次の2つの構造式の中間的構造をもつ。


Arが電子吸引基をもち陰イオンがBF4-の特殊な場合を除き、不安定で単離、乾燥が困難なため溶液状態のまま取り扱う。芳香族アミンの塩酸塩、硫酸塩などを水溶液とし亜硝酸ナトリウムを加えるか、アミンを酢酸などの有機溶媒に溶かし亜硝酸イソアミルを作用させて合成する。水に溶けエーテルには溶けないものが多い。反応性に富み、窒素ガスを放出して種々の反応を行う。ジアゾ基は、酸性条件での加水分解によりヒドロキシ基に、銅(Ⅰ)塩を用いることによりハロゲン原子とシアノ基に変えられるので、有機合成化学において有用な化合物である。フェノール、アミンとのジアゾカップリング反応は染料合成上重要な反応である。爆発性があり注意を要する。

[谷利陸平]

[参照項目] | 亜硝酸アミル | アミン | アリール基 | 加水分解 | カップリング | ジアゾ反応 | フェノール

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Diazomethane

>>:  Diazo type

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