...The social influence of the ulama of this sect is much stronger than in other Sunni countries. This is because the high-ranking Shiite ulama, ayatullahs and mojtaheds, are recognized as jurists who interpret and apply Islamic law, and are given the function of bringing order to society. Even though European-style secular laws such as civil and criminal codes were enacted during the reign of Reza Shah, Islam lived on not only as a faith but also as a traditional legal system and social norms, and this social structure led to the rise of the ulama represented by Khomeini during the Iranian Revolution. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "mojtahed" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…この派のウラマーがもつ社会的な影響力は他のスンナ派諸国よりもはるかに強い。それはシーア派の高位のウラマーであるアーヤトッラーāyatullāh,モジュタヘドmojtahedの手にイスラム法を解釈,運用する法学者としての権利が認められていて,社会に秩序を与えていく機能をもたされているからである。レザー・シャー期に,民法,刑法等のヨーロッパ的な世俗法が制定されても,イスラムは信仰の面ばかりでなく,伝統的な法体系,社会規範として生きており,このような社会構造がイラン革命に際してホメイニーによって代表されるウラマーを台頭させることになったのである。… ※「mojtahed」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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