Che-shi; Ch`ê-shih

Japanese: 車師 - しゃし（英語表記）Che-shi; Ch`ê-shih

A country that existed in the eastern Tianshan Mountains from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century. Its origins date back to when Emperor Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty sent troops to defeat the Gu Shi state and divided it into the Former State (part) of Cheshi, the Later State (part) and the Northern Shan state. The Former State was located in the Turfan Basin, and the Later State near Jimusha. As it was a key location for east-west and north-south transportation, it was a target of struggle for supremacy between China and nomadic tribes, and when China ruled, it placed Wuji Colonel (Boqikoui) in the Former State. It seems that the Later State was destroyed by the Rouran, and after the Jin Dynasty, Cheshi called itself the Former State. Gaochangbi (later Gaochangcheng) in the Former State gradually gained power as Han people invaded, and it became one of the Hexi states from the Former Liang Dynasty onwards. In 450, after the fall of the Northern Liang Dynasty, its remnants destroyed Cheshi and established Gaochang.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

天山山脈東部に前2世紀から5世紀まであった国。中国，前漢の宣帝が派兵して姑師 (こし) 国を破り，車師前国 (部) ，後国 (部) および山北に分けたのが起源。前国はトゥルファン盆地，後国はジムサ (済木薩) 付近にあった。東西および南北交通の要地のため，中国と遊牧民族の争覇の的となり，中国が支配したときは前国に戊己校尉 (ぼきこうい) をおいた。後国は柔然に滅ぼされたらしく，晋以後車師国は前国を称した。前国の高昌壁 (のち高昌城) は流入した漢人が次第に勢力を増し，前涼以来河西諸国の一郡となり，北涼滅亡後の 450年，その残党は車師国を滅ぼし高昌国を建てた。

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