A quantity defined by the following integral using general coordinates q i , general velocity , and general momentum p i ( i = 1, 2, ..., n ). The principle of least action, which states that the variation of the amount of action is zero, leads to the fundamental laws of mechanics. The amount of action has the dimension of the product of energy and time, and is a quantity that is invariant to coordinate transformations. In quantum mechanics, the amount of action for periodic motion has a value that is an integer multiple of Planck's constant h , and the constant h is also called the quantum of action because it is the unit of the amount of action. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
一般座標 qi ,一般速度 ,一般運動量 pi(i=1,2,…,n) を用いて次の積分で定義される量。 作用量の変分がゼロであるという最小作用の原理は力学の基本法則を導く。作用量はエネルギーと時間との積の次元をもち,座標変換に対して不変な量である。量子論では周期運動に対する作用量はプランク定数 h の整数倍の値をもち,定数 h は作用量の単位という意味から作用量子とも呼ばれる。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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