Thermostat (English spelling)

Japanese: サーモスタット(英語表記)thermostat
Thermostat (English spelling)
A device that keeps the temperature of a specific location or container constant for a long time in order to perform industrial production, experiments, and other operations at a constant temperature, or to maintain a comfortable room temperature in a home. Also, a container equipped with such a device (constant temperature bath). It uses the thermal expansion of a gas (toluene) or liquid (mercury), or uses a bimetal or thermistor, and when the temperature changes, a relay activates a cooler or heater. There are low-temperature and high-temperature constant temperature baths. The former are often double-glazed containers (Dewar flasks, thermoses) with a vacuum insulation in the middle, and in some cases do not necessarily use a regulator, but use a constant melting or boiling point of ice, a refrigerant, liquid air, etc. High-temperature baths are containers insulated with glass wool or asbestos, and use air, water, salt solutions, glycerin, paraffin, etc. as a constant temperature bath, and a stirrer is used to make the temperature uniform. At particularly high temperatures, a hot bath using molten salt is used. All of these are used in physics and chemistry experiments and for heat treatment of metal materials. A simple thermostat is also used in aquariums for tropical fish. The English word thermostat is a compound word of thermo (heat) and stat (Greek origin, meaning to stand still).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
工業生産,実験などの操作を一定温度のもとで行うため,また住宅の室温を快適にするため,特定の個所,容器の温度を長時間,一定に保つようにする装置。またこれを備えた容器 (恒温槽) 。気体 (トルエン) ,液体 (水銀) などの熱膨張を利用,またはバイメタル,サーミスタを用い,温度が変ると継電器でクーラーまたはヒータを作動させる。恒温槽は低温用と高温用があり,前者は中間を真空断熱にした二重ガラス容器 (ジュワーフラスコ,魔法瓶) が多く,場合により必ずしも調節器を用いず,氷,寒剤,液体空気などの一定融点または沸点を利用する。高温用は周囲をガラス綿,石綿などで断熱した容器で,定温浴として空気,水,塩類溶液,グリセリン,パラフィンなどを用い,攪拌器で温度を均一にする。特に高温では溶融塩などを用いる熱浴とする。いずれも物理・化学の実験や金属材料の熱処理に使われる。熱帯魚用の水槽に使われるのも一種の簡易サーモスタット。英語の thermostatは thermo (熱) と stat (ギリシア語源,停立の意) の合成語。

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