Sumner

American biochemist. He studied chemistry at Harvard University (1906-1910) and worked for a time at a cotton textile factory run by his uncle. He became a chemistry teacher at Mt. Allison College and an assistant at Worcester Industrial School before returning to Harvard and earning his Ph.D. under Otto Folin at the Harvard Medical School. He became an assistant professor of chemistry at Cornell University from 1914 to 1924, and in 1929 became a professor at the same university and director of the Enzyme Laboratory. In 1926 he succeeded in crystallizing urease from sword beans. This was the first crystallization of an enzyme, and proved that enzymes are a type of protein, paving the way for full-scale chemical research into enzymes. In 1937 he went to Stockholm and studied crystalline enzymes under T. Svedberg for five months. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946 for his work on enzyme crystallization, and was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1948.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

アメリカの生化学者．ハーバード大学で化学を学び(1906～1910年)，一時叔父の経営する綿織物工場に勤めた．Mt.Allison Collegeの化学教師となり，ウースター工業学校の助手を経て，ハーバード大学に戻り，医学部のOtto FolinのもとでPh.D.を取得．1914～1924年コーネル大学生化学助教授，1929年同大学教授，酵素研究所所長となる．1926年ナタマメのウレアーゼの結晶化に成功した．これは酵素の最初の結晶化であり，酵素がタンパク質の一種であることを証明したもので，酵素の化学的研究の本格化への道をひらいた．1937年ストックホルムに赴き，T. Svedberg(スベドベリ)のもとで5か月間，結晶酵素を研究した．酵素の結晶化が評価されて1946年ノーベル化学賞を受賞．1948年アメリカ科学アカデミー会員に選出．

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