Gratin is said to be a word derived from the French word gratiné (to make a burnt crust form) or from the word gratte (to scrape), and is named after the process of browning the dish and scraping off the burnt parts from the plate. It is a general term for dishes in which cooked ingredients are mixed with sauce and placed evenly in a shallow baking dish made of heat-resistant porcelain or glass, and then steamed over the top shelf of a high-heat oven until browned. A wide range of ingredients are used, including seafood, poultry, meat, vegetables, and noodles. Depending on the ingredients, there are seafood gratin, chicken gratin, vegetable gratin, noodle gratin, egg gratin, and more. Secondary ingredients such as mushrooms and cauliflower have a good flavor balance. For ingredients with a light flavor, such as tilefish, sole, oysters, shrimp, chicken, cauliflower, macaroni, and boiled eggs, a white sauce or Mornay sauce with grated cheese is recommended. For beef and lamb, a sour tomato sauce will balance the flavors better. The seasoning sauce will determine the overall flavor, so it is best to make it delicious. Vegetables are not usually used as a side dish, but mashed potatoes or other strained vegetables may be squeezed around the edge of the baking dish and then baked. The baking dish is called a gratin dish and is a specially shaped heat-resistant porcelain dish, but some are made of heat-resistant glass or silver. Pie crusts, hollowed-out slices of bread, and other materials such as seashells may also be used. When cooking, it is important to avoid ingredients that release a lot of moisture while baking. Also, fish and meat do not taste well together, so do not mix them together. Do not leave the dish in the baking dish for too long, but use a high heat to brown the top side. Gratin is best served hot, served on a tray covered with a napkin. Gratin is not generally used for banquets, but lobster gratins look good and are often used for weddings and other occasions. They are also made small and used as a hot appetizer. [Fumiko Kobayashi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
グラタンはフランス語のグラティネ(焦げ皮をはらせる)からきたことばとも、グラッテ(こそげる)という語からきたともいわれるが、焼き色をつけたり、皿の焦げ部分をこそげるところから名づけられた料理である。耐熱磁器・ガラスなどの浅い焼き皿に火を通した材料をソースで和(あ)えて平らに入れ、強火の天火の上段で焼き色がつくまで蒸し焼きした料理の総称である。材料は魚貝類、鳥獣肉類、野菜類、麺(めん)類など広範囲に使用される。材料によって、魚貝類のグラタン、チキングラタン、野菜のグラタン、麺類のグラタン、卵のグラタンなどがある。副材料にはキノコ類、カリフラワーなどが味の調和がよい。 材料を和えるソースは、アマダイ、シタビラメ、カキ、エビ、鶏肉、カリフラワー、マカロニ、ゆで卵など味の淡泊なものには白ソース、またはおろしチーズを加えたモルネソースがよい。牛肉、羊肉などには、酸味のきいたトマトソースのほうが味の調和がよい。調味ソースが全体の味を左右するので、おいしくつくることが望ましい。 付け合せの野菜は普通、用いないが、焼き皿の縁回りにマッシュポテトなどの裏漉(うらご)し野菜を絞り出して焼くこともある。焼き皿はグラタン皿といい、特殊な形をした耐熱磁器皿であるが、耐熱ガラス製、銀製のものもある。またパイ皮、食パンのくりぬいたもの、そのほか貝殻などを使う場合もある。調理上の注意点としては、焼いている間に水分の多く出るような材料は避ける。また魚と肉とは味があわないので、いっしょに混ぜて使わないこと。天火にはあまり長く入れて焼かないよう、強火の天火で上側に焼き色がつく程度でよい。 グラタンは焼きたてをナプキンを敷いた受け皿にのせて勧め、熱いところを食べるのがもっとも美味である。グラタンは一般には宴会料理には用いないが、イセエビを焼き皿とするグラタンは見栄えがよいので、結婚式などの料理にしばしば用いられる。また小さくつくって、温前菜にも用いられている。 [小林文子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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