One of the judicial systems of the Kamakura Shogunate. The Kamakura Shogunate determined jurisdiction according to the status of the parties involved, but from around the end of the 13th century, jurisdiction was divided according to the subject of the lawsuit, such as Shomu-sata (real estate lawsuits) and Kendan-sata (criminal lawsuits), with Shomu-sata being administered by the Hikitsukekata and Kendan-sata by the Samuraidokoro. Miscellaneous matters existed alongside these two, and according to the Satamirensho, a legal book from the end of the Kamakura period, it had jurisdiction over lawsuits regarding interest, sui-ko, kaezeni, kaemai, fumotsu, shakumotsu, yomotsu, hoken, kokyaku fields, slaves, and miscellaneous people. This meant dealing with disputes over the buying and selling of fields, movable property, and debts and credits. This type of dispute, which fell under the shogunate's sphere of control, was accepted, heard, and adjudicated at the Monjusho in Kamakura. Meanwhile, disputes between ordinary citizens in the city of Kamakura were under the jurisdiction of the Mandokoro. The litigation procedures were generally similar to those of Shomu-saji, with the plaintiff submitting a complaint and the ronnin (defendant) submitting a petition (answer) and refuting, but the written judgment was a decree signed jointly by the steward of the Monjusho and the magistrate. Unlike Kendan-saji, the Rokuhara Tandai did not have a specialized institution for dealing with miscellaneous cases, and the Rokuhara Hikkitsukekata was in charge. In the Kyushu provinces, this was administered by the shugo. [Tokuhiko Ushita] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鎌倉幕府の裁判制度の一つ。鎌倉幕府は当事者の身分によって裁判管轄を定めていたが、13世紀末ごろから、所務(しょむ)沙汰(不動産訴訟)、検断沙汰(刑事訴訟)のように、訴訟対象によって管轄を分け、所務沙汰は引付方(ひきつけかた)、検断沙汰は侍所(さむらいどころ)が管掌した。雑務沙汰はこの両者と並立するもので、鎌倉末期の法律書である『沙汰未練書(さたみれんしょ)』によれば、利銭(りせん)、出挙(すいこ)、替銭(かえぜに)、替米(かえまい)、負物(ふもつ)、借物(しゃくもつ)、預物(よもつ)、放券(ほうけん)、沽却(こきゃく)田畑、奴婢(ぬひ)、雑人(ぞうにん)などに関する訴訟を管轄するとされている。田畑の売買に関する争い、動産や債権債務にかかわる争いを扱うということである。幕府の支配圏に属するこの種の相論は鎌倉の問注所で訴を受理し、審理、判決した。また鎌倉市中の一般民衆間の紛争は政所(まんどころ)が管轄した。訴訟手続は、訴人(原告)が訴状を提出し、論人(ろんにん)(被告)が陳状(答弁書)を出して弁駁(べんばく)するなど、概して所務沙汰と同様であるが、判決書は問注所執事と奉行人(ぶぎょうにん)の連署する下知状(げちじょう)である。六波羅(ろくはら)探題では、検断沙汰とは異なって、雑務沙汰を扱う専門の機関は置かれず、六波羅引付方が管轄した。九州諸国では守護がこれを管掌した。 [羽下徳彦] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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