...By the 13th century, the soft-headed variety had spread to European countries, with primary differentiation occurring in England, France, Germany, and the Netherlands, followed by secondary differentiation across Europe and to America. It is believed to have been introduced to Japan about 800 years ago, and was reintroduced in the 17th and 18th centuries, with records of it being called "orandana" and "sannenna" in the Yamato Honsho (1709). However, this refers to the non-headed ornamental variety, and was not used as a vegetable. ... From 【Habotan (Leaf Chrysanthemum)】…A herbaceous plant of the Brassicaceae family (illustration) that is widely grown as the only material for flower beds in winter. The original species was introduced to Japan during the Edo period and was a non-heading, green-leaved cabbage called Oranda-nai, which was later improved to become colored in winter. Currently, it is divided into a round-leaf species (Tokyo Habotan) and a crepe-leaf species (Nagoya Habotan) depending on its lineage, but an intermediate hybrid called Osaka Habotan has characteristics of both species. Recently, it has been crossed with Kyona (Kyoto cabbage), resulting in a species with thin, cut leaves, and a dwarf species for potted plants has also been developed. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "orandana (vegetables)" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…13世紀ころには軟結球型のものがヨーロッパ諸国に広がり,一次的な分化はイギリス,フランス,ドイツ,オランダで行われ,さらにヨーロッパ全土からアメリカに渡って二次的な分化が行われた。日本への渡来は約800年前とされ,その後,17~18世紀に再導入され,《大和本草》(1709)に〈おらんだな〉〈さんねんな〉などの記録がある。しかし,これは非結球性の観賞用のハボタンのことで,野菜としての利用ではなかった。… 【ハボタン(葉牡丹)】より…冬,花壇の唯一の材料として広くつくられているアブラナ科の草本(イラスト)。原種は江戸時代に日本に渡来し,オランダ菜と呼ばれていた不結球の緑葉のキャベツで,その後冬を迎えて着色するものに改良された。現在では,その系統により,丸葉種(東京ハボタン)とちりめん葉種(名古屋ハボタン)に分けられるが,中間雑種は大阪ハボタンと称され,両者の特性を相半ばしてそなえている。最近キョウナ(京菜)との間に交配が行われて葉が細く切れた切れ葉もあらわれ,また鉢植用に矮性(わいせい)種も作出されている。… ※「おらんだな(菜)」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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