Sappho - Sappho (English spelling)

Japanese: サッフォー - さっふぉー(英語表記)Sappho
Sappho - Sappho (English spelling)

The first female poet of ancient Greece. Born into an aristocratic family on the Aegean island of Lesbos. To escape the political unrest of the time, she lived in Sicily for a time, but spent most of her life in Mytilene on the island of Lesbos. She wrote poetry in the Aeolian dialect, the dialect of the island. She is often described as "beautiful Sappho," but there are also legends that describe her as ugly. In any case, she has been idealized as a beauty comparable to the goddess of beauty, Aphrodite. She married and had a daughter named Cleis, but after her husband's death, she gathered girls together and taught them music and poetry, and played an active role as the center of a group of women who loved literature. She was almost a contemporary of the poet Alcaeus, and they exchanged poems with each other. Sappho was a prolific poet, and in her time in Alexandria, her works were classified into nine volumes based on their rhymes. The first volume contained 1,320 lines, so judging from this, her entire work would be enormous. Only two of these have survived in their entirety to the present day, the rest being merely quotations and fragments totalling about 700 lines, although a significant number were added in 1900 from papyri discovered in Egypt.

Sappho's works were written in the everyday dialect, and included lyric poems, elegies, love songs, and wedding songs, all of which sang about personal matters in straightforward, clear, and precise language. Nevertheless, their beauty and strength touched the hearts of people of all ages, and they were loved for a long time to come. In Greece, she was praised as the tenth Muse and was considered to be a representative poet alongside Homer. She made full use of various poetic forms and rhythms, and her so-called "Sappho-style quatrains," consisting of three long lines and one short line, were also used by the Roman poets Catullus and Horace.

[Toshio Ohtake]

"Selections of Greek Lyric Poetry, translated by Go Moichi (Iwanami Bunko)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代ギリシア第一の女流詩人。エーゲ海のレスボス島の貴族の家に生まれた。当時の政情不安を避けて一時はシチリア島に住んだが、生涯の大部分はレスボス島のミティレネで過ごした。同島の方言であるアイオリス方言で詩をつくった。しばしば「美しきサッフォー」と形容されているが、醜い女とする伝もあった。いずれにしても、美の女神アフロディテにも比すべき美人、と理想化した姿で伝えられてきた。結婚してクレイスという娘をもったが、夫の死後、少女たちを集めて音楽や詩を教え、文学を愛する女性のグループの中心として活躍した。詩人アルカイオスとほぼ同時代で、互いに詩を交わしている。サッフォーは多作な詩人で、その作品はアレクサンドリア時代には、韻律によって9巻に分類されていた。第1巻には1320行が収められていたから、これから判断すると、全作品は膨大な量になる。そのうち現在まで完全な形で伝わるのは2編だけで、他はすべて引用や断片にすぎず、総計約700行。1900年には、エジプトで発見されたパピルスから相当量の断片が追加されている。

 サッフォーの作品は、日常話している方言で書かれ、叙情詩、挽歌(ばんか)、恋歌、祝婚歌など、いずれも率直で簡明正確な表現で個人的内容を歌ったものであるが、それでいて、その美しさと力強さはあらゆる人々の心を打つものがあり、後世まで長く愛好された。ギリシアでは、彼女を10番目の詩女神(ムーサ)ともたたえて、ホメロスと並んで詩人の代表と考えていた。彼女は種々の詩形や韻律を駆使したが、なかでも、長い3行と短い1行とからなる、いわゆる「サッフォーふう四行詩」は、ローマの詩人カトゥルスやホラティウスにも用いられた。

[大竹敏雄]

『呉茂一訳『ギリシア抒情詩選』(岩波文庫)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Sappu Genki - Sappu Genki

>>:  Saffarid Dynasty - Affār

Recommend

Chivalrous man - kyōkaku

[China] In ancient China, those who formed gangs ...

Parameter - Bosuu

〘Noun〙① The term for the principal in a commission...

Bad body - Warumi

A performance term in Japanese dance. It can also ...

Gregory [Armenian] (English spelling) Grēgorios

240 koro-332 A descendant of the Armenian nobles w...

Red Beard Barbaros - Red Beard Barbaros

...Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli, and other pl...

Stroma

…Next is the Bowman's membrane, which is a th...

Hart, L.

…American composer who wrote many classic musical...

Bie-ji (English spelling)

A form of classical Chinese poetry and prose antho...

Yamauchi-so

This manor was located in Sagami Province, and its...

Onaruto Bridge - Onaruto Bridge

A suspension bridge that connects Magosaki, Ogeshi...

Sansuke of the Kan'ei Era - Walks of the Kan'ei Era

…He fought bravely in the Siege of Osaka and made...

Tanaka Manor - Tanaka no Sho

This manor was located in Naka County, Kii Provinc...

Balassi (Balassa) Balint

[Born] 1554.10.20 Zoyomu Died: May 30, 1594. Hunga...

Gogarten, Friedrich

Born: January 13, 1887 in Dortmund [Died] October ...

Jotaro Yamamoto

A businessman and politician in the Meiji, Taisho...