chartered company

Japanese: chartered company（英語表記）charteredcompany

…There were some industries, such as mining, that required a large amount of capital, but just as most industries at the time were home-based or wholesale-based home-based industries, business fields that required a large amount of fixed capital to form a corporation were extremely rare. In early modern Western Europe, overseas trade was conducted by specific merchant associations, or chartered companies. The right to recognize merchant associations and to control trade was subject to the sovereign prerogative of the king, so merchants often obtained legal personality and trade monopolies in exchange for financial contributions to the king. …

From the Company System

…The term company, in a broad sense, includes everything from medieval guilds to various modern corporate entities, but it particularly refers to the chartered companies that were established in England in the late Middle Ages and early modern period. These corporations, which were granted monopoly rights by letters patents from the king in exchange for huge tributes and loans, were established in a variety of fields of economic activity, including colonization and mining, but their core was trade.

*Some explanations of terms that refer to "chartered company" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…鉱山業その他多額の資本を要する若干の産業分野はあったが，当時の工業が家内工業か問屋制家内工業であったように，会社形態をとるほど多額の固定資本を要する事業分野はきわめてまれであった。近世の西ヨーロッパでは海外貿易は特定の商人団体，つまり特許会社chartered companyによって営まれた。商人団体の公認と貿易統制権は国王の大権に属していたので，貿易商人たちはしばしば国王に対する財政的貢献と引換えに，法人格と貿易独占権を獲得した。…

【カンパニー制度】より

…カンパニーcompanyは，広義には中世のギルドから現在の諸種の〈会社〉企業体までを含むが，とくに中世末，近世初期のイギリスに成立した特許会社chartered companyをさす。巨額の上納金や貸上げの代償として国王から与えられた特許状によって独占権を認められたこれらの企業体は，植民や鉱山業などを含む経済活動の多様な分野で成立したが，その中心は貿易業にあった。…

※「chartered company」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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