Sātavāhana Dynasty - Sātavāhana

Japanese: サータバーハナ朝 - さーたばーはなちょう(英語表記)Sātavāhana
Sātavāhana Dynasty - Sātavāhana

An Indian dynasty. Also known as the Andhra dynasty. It ruled the Deccan Plateau from the end of the 1st century BC (or the end of the 3rd century BC) to the beginning of the 3rd century AD. One of the historical sources for the study of the dynasty is the Puranas, but depending on how they are used, the first king, Simka, is said to have lived in either the 1st or 3rd century BC. In any case, the existence of the dynasty is clearly confirmed by inscriptions and coins at the end of the 1st century BC, and at that time it had great influence in the region centered on Pratishthana (Paithan) upstream of the Godavari River. Later, in the 1st century, it fought against the Kshatrapa of the Saka people who invaded northwestern India and lost part of its territory, but in the early 2nd century, King Gautamiputra Shatakarni defeated the Kshatrapa forces and recaptured the lost territory. In the inscriptions, the king is called "the crusher of Saka Yavana Pahlava." However, during the reign of his successor Purumai II, the dynasty was attacked by the Kshatrapas again, and its power gradually shifted eastward to the Godavari River and the lower Krishna River basin (Andhra region). The conflict with the Kshatrapas continued, but at the end of the 2nd century, under King Śrī Yajna Sātakarni, the dynasty's power expanded for the third time, and the kingdom's territory extended from the northwestern bank of the Deccan to the eastern bank. However, its power gradually declined thereafter, and it was replaced by emerging powers such as the Abira dynasty in the northwestern Deccan and the Ikshvara dynasty in the Andhra region, and it collapsed in the first half of the 3rd century.

Maritime trade with the Roman Empire was active through ports such as Balugaza on the west coast. King Hara, who lived in the middle of the dynasty, is considered to be the author of the Prakrit lyric poem "Sattasayi". During this period of the dynasty, Buddhism flourished in the Deccan, and Buddhist caves such as Baja, Kale, and Ajanta were built in the upper reaches of the Godavari River, and stupas (stupas) were built in Amaravati and other places in the lower reaches of the Krishna River.

[Noboru Karashima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

インドの王朝。アンドラ朝ともよばれる。紀元前1世紀末(別説前3世紀末)から紀元後3世紀初めにかけてデカン高原を支配した。王朝の研究史料の一つにプラーナ文献があるが、その用い方によって、初代の王シムカは前1世紀とも前3世紀ともされる。いずれにしても、王朝の存在が碑文や貨幣によってはっきりと確認されるようになるのは前1世紀末で、そのころゴダバリ川上流のプラティシュターナ(パイターン)を中心とした地方に大きな勢力をもっていた。その後は1世紀に西北インドに侵入したサカ人のクシャトラパと争い領土の一部を失うが、2世紀初頭、ガウタミープトラ・シャータカルニ王がクシャトラパ勢力を破り、失われた領土を奪回した。王は碑文のなかで、「サカ・ヤバナ・パフラバの粉砕者」とよばれている。しかし、後継者プルマーイ2世の治世にはふたたびクシャトラパの攻撃を受け、王朝の勢力はしだいに東方のゴダバリ川およびクリシュナ川下流域(アンドラ地方)へ移った。クシャトラパとの抗争はその後も続いたが、2世紀末、シュリー・ヤジュニャ・シャータカルニ王のときには三たび勢力が拡大し、王国の版図はデカンの北西岸から東岸にまで及んだ。しかし、その後はしだいに勢力が衰え、西北デカンではアービーラ朝、アンドラ地方ではイクシュバーラ朝などの新興勢力にとってかわられ、3世紀前半に滅亡した。

 西海岸のバリュガザその他の港を通して、ローマ帝国との海上貿易が活発に行われた。王朝中期の王ハーラは、プラークリットの叙情詩『サッタサイー』の作者に擬せられている。この王朝期にデカンでは仏教が栄え、ゴダバリ川上流地域にバージャー、カールレー、アジャンタなどの仏教石窟(せっくつ)が、クリシュナ川下流域のアマラバティなどにストゥーパ(仏塔)がつくられている。

[辛島 昇]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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