A Russian-style appetizer. The origin of the word is a proper "meal substitute" and is equivalent to hors d'oeuvres. Serving hors d'oeuvres before meals is originally Russian, not French. The difference with hors d'oeuvres is that Russian-style hors d'oeuvres are a wide variety of appetizers before meals, and are very filling. A proper zakuska can be full with just a platter of fish, meat, or vegetables, but in some cases it can be simple or only one type. Its position in the course is also highly valued. There are both hot and cold zakuskas, but since Russia has a long winter, they rely on preserved foods such as salted, pickled, or smoked vegetables, meat, fish, and mushrooms, ham, cheese, salami sausage, and eggs, and caviar, salmon roe, and herring are typical examples. In the past, guests who had sledded on snowy roads would take a break with vodka and zakuska in a separate room before moving to the formal dining table. [Nagaya Miyo] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシア風前菜のこと。語源は本式の「食事のかわり」で、オードブルに相当する。食前にオードブルの出るのは、本来フランス式でなくロシア式である。オードブルとの違いは、同じ食前のおつまみでもロシア式は種類が多彩で、実にボリュームがあることである。本格的ザクースカは魚の集合、肉の集合、野菜の集合と盛り合わせだけで満腹させられるが、場合によっては簡素なものや一種だけのときもある。コースのなかの位置づけも高く重要視される。ザクースカには冷、温両方があるが、冬の長い国なので、野菜、肉、魚、キノコなどの塩漬け、酢漬け、薫製、ハム、チーズ、サラミソーセージ、卵などの保存食に頼り、キャビア、イクラ、ニシンが代表格である。昔は雪道をそりできた客は、別室でウォツカ、ザクースカで一息入れてから正餐(せいさん)の席に移っていた。 [長屋美代] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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