Andrey Andreevich Gromiko

Soviet politician. Born July 6 near Minsk, Belorussia (now Belarus). Joined the party in 1931. Studied at Minsk Agrarian University and at the Soviet Institute of Agricultural Economics, and became a researcher at the institute in 1936. Transferred to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1939, and served as ambassador to the United States, permanent representative to the UN Security Council, deputy foreign minister, first deputy foreign minister, and ambassador to the United Kingdom, before becoming foreign minister in February 1957. He served in that position for 28 years until July 1985. Doctor of Economics in 1956. He was a candidate for the party's Central Committee in 1952, a Central Committee member in 1956, and the first professional diplomat to become a member of the Politburo in the history of the Soviet Union. In March 1983, he was promoted to first deputy prime minister while still serving as foreign minister, and delivered a speech recommending Gorbachev for the election of General Secretary in March 1985. In July of the same year, he resigned as Minister of Foreign Affairs and was elected Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, becoming head of state. He resigned in 1988. He attended many important conferences during and after World War II, including the Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam conferences, and many other important conferences after the war. He made use of his many years of experience and demonstrated his diplomatic skills.

[Osamu Nakanishi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ソ連の政治家。7月6日ベロルシア（現ベラルーシ）のミンスク近郊で生まれる。1931年に入党。ミンスク農業大学、ソ連農業経済研究所大学院で学んだのち、1936年に経済研究所研究員となる。1939年に外務省に転じ、駐米大使、国連安保理常任代表、外務次官、同第一次官、駐英大使などを経て、1957年2月に外務大臣。以来1985年7月まで28年間その職にあった。1956年経済学博士。党でも1952年に中央委員候補、1956年に中央委員、1973年4月には職業外交官としてソ連史上初めて政治局員となる。1983年3月には外相兼務のまま第一副首相に昇進、1985年3月のゴルバチョフ書記長の選出にあたっては推薦演説を行った。同年7月外相を辞してソ連最高会議幹部会議長に選出され、国家元首となる。1988年に辞任。第二次世界大戦中から戦後にかけてのテヘラン、ヤルタ、ポツダムの各会議をはじめ、戦後の多くの重要会議に出席。長年の経験を生かし、外交に手腕を発揮した。

［中西　治］

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