Work boat - Sagyousen

Japanese: 作業船 - さぎょうせん
Work boat - Sagyousen

A general term for construction vessels used for river, coastal, harbor construction, marine civil engineering works, etc. As the use of the ocean gradually expands to offshore waters, the fields of marine construction work are gradually expanding, and the work vessels used are becoming larger and more diverse.

[Akira Kono, Hitoshi Shimizu, and Takashi Shigitani]

Dredging and reclamation work boat

Dredgers are used for dredging seaway anchorages, digging floors for structures in port and river construction, and collecting seabed sediment. Dredgers are broadly classified into pump dredgers, bucket dredgers, dipper dredgers, and grab dredgers according to the excavation equipment they are equipped with, and each type can be either non-propelled or self-propelled. These dredgers are generally intended for construction in relatively calm waters up to about 30 meters deep, but in recent years, large dredgers capable of dredging depths of several tens of meters or more have also been built. Special-purpose dredgers include rock breakers that break up rocks on the seabed and sludge dredgers that are used to remove and collect accumulated sludge.

A series of operations at sea, such as dredging, transporting excavated soil, and dumping soil, are carried out by forming a fleet of work boats by combining various dredgers, soil transport boats, tugboats (push boats), reclaimer ships with soil lifting equipment, etc. according to the work conditions.

[Akira Kono, Hitoshi Shimizu, and Takashi Shigitani]

Structure construction work boat

The main types of work ships are crane ships (also called crane ships), pile driving ships, ground improvement ships, and concrete plant ships. All of these work ships are mounted on barges and equipped with various work devices and equipment with the same functions as land-based construction machines. Since there are no road traffic restrictions on the sea like on land, extremely large and large-capacity ships are in operation in recent years as the scale of construction work has expanded. Some crane ships have a lifting capacity of 3,000 tons, while some pile driving ships are equipped with super-large pile driving hammers weighing 20 to 30 tons or more for driving large-diameter, long piles. There are many large-capacity, multi-tank dedicated work ships in operation as ground improvement ships, and some work ships with a displacement of over 10,000 tons and equipped with concrete manufacturing plants are also in use.

Platforms for offshore oil field drilling are also used in marine civil engineering, and are used for construction work in offshore locations with harsh weather and sea conditions. A typical example is the Self-elevating Platform (SEP), which has elevating legs and stands on its own when working, and the platform is jacked up to a height where waves cannot reach it. It is effective as a work platform for construction of sea berths offshore and bridges across straits. Other special-purpose vessels include submarine pipeline and cable laying ships, and work ships dedicated to construction of immersed tunnels on the river and seabed. In addition to ships, remote-controlled robots for submarine civil engineering work are also being developed.

Ships intended for work other than marine construction, such as survey ships, icebreakers, salvage ships, and firefighting ships, are also classified as workboats.

[Akira Kono, Hitoshi Shimizu, and Takashi Shigitani]

[References] | Submarine cable laying ship | Salvage ship | Crane ship | Icebreaker | Dredge ship | Survey ship | Soil transport ship | Tugboat
Main types of workboats
©Shogakukan ">

Main types of workboats


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

河川、海岸、港湾工事および海洋土木工事などに使用する工事用船舶の総称。海洋の利用が順次沖合いの海域へ広げられるにつれて海上工事の対象分野も順次拡大され、使用される作業船も大型化、多様化の傾向が著しい。

[河野 彰・清水 仁・鴫谷 孝]

浚渫埋立て工事用作業船

浚渫(しゅんせつ)船は、航路泊地の浚渫や港湾・河川工事などにおける構造物の床掘り、海底土砂採取などに使用される。浚渫船の形式は、搭載する掘削装置によってポンプ式浚渫船、バケット式浚渫船、ディッパー式浚渫船、グラブ式浚渫船に大別され、それぞれ非航式と自航式のものがある。これらの浚渫船は一般に水深30メートル程度までの比較的平穏な海域での施工を対象としているが、近年浚渫可能深度数十メートル以上の大型浚渫船も建造されている。また、特殊用途のものでは、海底の岩盤を破砕する砕岩船や、堆積(たいせき)汚泥の除去・回収に用いる汚泥浚渫船などがある。

 海上における浚渫、掘削土砂運搬、捨土(すてど)といった一連の作業は、各種浚渫船と土運船、引き船(押し船)、揚土装置をもつリクレーマー船などを作業条件に応じて組み合わせ、作業船団を構成して行われる。

[河野 彰・清水 仁・鴫谷 孝]

構造物工事用作業船

クレーン船(起重機船ともいう)、杭(くい)打ち船、地盤改良船、コンクリートプラント船などがおもなものである。これらの作業船は、いずれも陸上の建設機械と同様な機能の各種作業装置・設備を台船上に搭載したもので、海上では陸上のように道路交通上の制約がないことから、近年の工事規模の拡大に伴いきわめて大型・大容量のものが稼動している。クレーン船では吊(つ)り上げ能力3000トン、杭打ち船では大径長尺杭打設用にラムram(打撃体)重量20~30トン級以上の超大型杭打ちハンマーを装備したものがある。地盤改良船では多連式大容量の専用作業船が多数稼動しており、コンクリート製造プラントを搭載した排水量1万トン以上の作業船も使用されている。

 海底油田掘削用のプラットホームが海洋土木工事にも応用され、沖合いの気象・海象条件の厳しい場所の建設工事などに用いられている。代表的なものは自己昇降式作業台船(SEP)とよばれるもので、昇降式の脚をもち、作業時は脚によって自立し、プラットホームは波浪の届かない高さまでジャッキアップして保持される機構である。沖合い地点のシーバース建設工事、海峡横断橋の建設工事などで作業足場として威力を発揮する。このほか、特殊用途のものに、海底パイプラインやケーブルの敷設船、河海底に設ける沈埋(ちんまい)トンネル工事専用の作業船などがあり、船舶形式以外のものでは遠隔操作式の海底土木工事用ロボットの開発も進められている。

 海上工事以外の作業を目的とする船、たとえば測量船、砕氷船、海難救助船、消防船なども作業船に分類される。

[河野 彰・清水 仁・鴫谷 孝]

[参照項目] | 海底ケーブル敷設船 | 海難救助船 | クレーン船 | 砕氷船 | 浚渫船 | 測量船 | 土運船 | 引き船
作業船のおもな種類
©Shogakukan">

作業船のおもな種類


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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