Cell differentiation

Japanese: 細胞分化 - さいぼうぶんか(英語表記)cell differentiation
Cell differentiation
During the process of individual development, specific genetic information is expressed in specific cell groups, resulting in the realization of a particular form or function (differentiated trait). In most plant cells, as seen in the example of callus, cells that have once expressed a differentiated trait can relatively easily begin to express other traits. However, in animal cells, the differentiated state is usually maintained quite stably. However, there are known to be cases of transformation of differentiated traits in animal cells as well. For example, in caudal amphibians such as newts and in chicken embryos, when the lens of the eye is removed, a new lens is regenerated, and after detailed investigation, it has been confirmed that this new lens is formed when fully differentiated iris pigment epithelial cells first lose their pigment epithelial traits and then differentiate into new lens cells.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
個体発生の過程で,特定の細胞群ごとに特定の遺伝情報が発現され,その結果としてある特殊な形態や機能(分化形質)が実現されること。大部分の植物細胞においては,カルスの例にみられるように,いったん分化形質を発現した細胞でも比較的容易に他の形質を表すようになる。しかし動物細胞では,分化した状態は普通きわめて安定に維持される。とはいえ動物細胞でも,分化形質の転換例がまったく知られていないわけではない。たとえばイモリなどの有尾両生類やニワトリの胚では,目の水晶体を摘出すると新しい水晶体が再生されるが,詳細な検討の末,この新しい水晶体は,完全に分化した虹彩の色素上皮細胞が,いったん色素上皮としての形質を失ったうえで,新たに水晶体細胞として分化するということが確認されている。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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