One of the Mongolian languages. It is spoken in almost all of Mongolia (about 2 million speakers) centered around the capital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, and in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region of China (about 3 million speakers), and is the most powerful of the Mongolian languages. It is becoming the de facto lingua franca of Mongolia. The term Mongolian is used to refer to the whole Mongolian language, as well as Khalkha and the similar Inner Mongolian languages (Chahar, Ordos, Haratian, and Urattian), but it is also often used to refer to Khalkha alone. The Mongolian script originated from the Uighur script and is written from top to bottom, from left to right, but in Mongolia it was switched to the Russian script from 1941 to 1944. As a result, Mongolian literature was replaced by a new written language based on Khalkha. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
モンゴル語の一つ。モンゴル国の首都ウラーンバートルを中心に同国のほぼ全域 (話し手約 200万人) ,および中国の内モンゴル自治区 (話し手約 300万人) にも行われており,モンゴル語のうち最も有力なもの。事実上のモンゴル共通語となりつつある。モンゴル語という名称は,モンゴル語全体をさしたり,ハルハ語とそれに似ている内モンゴル諸語 (チャハル語,オルドス語,ハラチン語,ウラット語) をまとめてさしたりするのに用いられるが,またハルハ語だけをさすことも多い。文字はウイグル文字に起源をもつモンゴル文字で,上から下に,左の行から右の行に書いたが,モンゴル国においては 1941~44年にロシア文字に切替えられた。それに伴い,モンゴル文語からハルハ語に基づく新しい文字言語へと移行した。
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