Ladder fern

Japanese: タマシダ - たましだ(英語表記)ladder fern
Ladder fern

An evergreen fern of the Laminaceae family. It grows long, pinnate leaves in bunches from a short, upright rhizome, with rounded tips and arranged like the teeth of a comb. A well-grown leaf blade can reach over 1 meter. It grows terrestrially or epiphytically, and extends creeping branches that produce gemmae. These branches are hard and wire-like, and produce spherical tubers covered with scales in places. This is where the name "ball fern" comes from. These tubers are a kind of water-storing organ. It prefers slightly dry environments such as rock walls and bright forest floors, and can form large colonies. It is distributed over a wide area, mainly in tropical regions such as Africa, and in Japan it grows in warm areas along the coast south of Shizuoka Prefecture. Apart from being weak to cold, it is easy to plant and has strong reproductive power. It is shipped to the flower market as cut leaves under the name Nephrolepis. N. cordifolia cv. "Duffii" is a variety of the bract fern. A closely related species is N. exaltata , which is found in the Ogasawara and Okinawa islands. In China, N. cordifolia is used medicinally for colds, breast pain, and postpartum swelling, while in the Philippines, a decoction is used as a cough suppressant. The Boston fern, bushy fern, and Pearson's bract fern, which are often seen in gardening stores, are all horticultural varieties bred from N. cordifolia.

[Kurita Koro]

Ball Fern
A bunch of long, thin leaves grows from a short rhizome. The pinnae have rounded tips and are arranged like the teeth of a comb. ©Seishohmaru ">

Ball Fern

Fern tubers
The stolon is wiry and produces spherical tubers covered with scales. ©Shogakukan Photo by Tadashi Tajima ">

Fern tubers

Boston Fern
Nephrolepis exaltata bostonensis is a horticultural variety created from the Yanbaru fern, a species closely related to the Boston fern. Also known as the Boston fern. ©Shogakukan ">

Boston Fern

Main types of ferns (5) [specimen illustrations]
©Junzo Fujishima ">

Main types of ferns (5) [specimen illustrations]


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

シノブ科の常緑性シダ。直立する短い根茎から1回羽状の細長い葉を束生し、羽片は先が丸く、櫛(くし)の歯状に並んでいる。よく育った葉身は1メートル以上になる。地上生または着生で、無性芽をつける匍匐(ほふく)枝を伸ばす。この枝は針金状で堅く、ところどころに鱗片(りんぺん)に覆われた球形の塊茎をつける。「玉羊歯」の名はこれに由来する。この塊茎は一種の貯水器官である。岩壁や明るい林床など、やや乾燥した環境を好み、大群落を形成することもある。アフリカなどの熱帯を中心とした広い範囲に分布し、日本では静岡県以南の海岸沿いの暖地に生育している。寒さに弱い点を除けば、栽植しやすく繁殖力も強い。切り葉としてネフロレピスの名で生花市場に出荷されている。セッカタマシダN. cordifolia cv. “Duffii”はタマシダの品種の一つである。近縁種にヤンバルタマシダN. exaltataがあり、小笠原(おがさわら)諸島や沖縄諸島などに分布している。中国ではヤンバルタマシダを感冒や乳房痛、産後の浮腫(ふしゅ)などに薬用し、フィリピンでは煎汁(せんじゅう)を咳(せき)止めとして使う。なお、園芸店でよくみかけるボストンファーン(ボストンタマシダ)やフサフサシダ、ピアソンタマシダなどは、ヤンバルタマシダからつくられた園芸品種である。

[栗田子郎]

タマシダ
短い根茎から細長い葉を束生する。羽片は先が丸く、櫛の歯状に並ぶ©Seishohmaru">

タマシダ

タマシダの塊茎
匍匐枝は針金状で、鱗片に覆われた球形の塊茎をつける©Shogakukan 撮影/田島 正">

タマシダの塊茎

ボストンファーン
タマシダの近縁種ヤンバルタマシダからつくられた園芸品種、ネフロレピス・エキサルタータ・ボストエンシス。別名ボストンタマシダ©Shogakukan">

ボストンファーン

シダ植物のおもな種類(5)〔標本画〕
©藤島淳三">

シダ植物のおもな種類(5)〔標本画〕


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