Kolmogorov (Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov)

Japanese: コルモゴロフ - こるもごろふ(英語表記)Андрей Николаевич Колмогоров/Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov
Kolmogorov (Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov)

Soviet mathematician. Born in Tambov near Moscow. Graduated from Moscow University in 1925, and became a professor at Moscow University in 1931. In 1939, he was elected a member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (now the Russian Academy of Sciences), and later received the Stalin Prize and became a Hero of Socialist Labor. In 1967, he was elected a member of the United States Academy of Sciences, and then a foreign member of the Paris Academy of Sciences.

He lost his mother at a young age and was raised by his aunt. He also worked as a train conductor before entering university, during which time he studied Newtonian mechanics. When he entered university, he also studied Russian history, but he encountered a problem in numerical calculation and became interested in mathematics. He attended a seminar on trigonometric series by V. V. Stepanov (1889-1950), and this led him to focus his research on mathematics. In 1922, he constructed an example of a Fourier series that diverges almost everywhere. After leaving university, he became interested in probability theory, and in 1929 he succeeded in axiomatizing the concept of probability. This result was published in his German work Grundbegriffe der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung (1933), which is the most important work that established the foundations of probability theory. He subsequently contributed to many areas of mathematics, including probability theory, such as the Kolmogorov operator in set theory, ergodic problems, the construction of algebraic topology in generalized spaces, and the solution of Hilbert's problem.

[Kiyoshi Iseki]

[References] | Ergodicity | Probability | Topology | Hilbert's problem

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ソ連の数学者。モスクワ近くのタンボフ生まれ。1925年モスクワ大学を卒業、1931年からモスクワ大学教授となった。1939年にはソビエト科学アカデミー(現、ロシア科学アカデミー)会員に選ばれ、その後、スターリン賞を受賞、また社会主義労働英雄となり、1967年にはアメリカ科学アカデミー会員、続いてパリ科学アカデミー外国人会員に選ばれている。

 幼時に母を失い、おばの手で育てられ、大学へ入る前、列車の車掌も務めたが、このときニュートン力学の勉強をした。大学入学時には、ロシア史の研究もしていたが、このとき数値計算の問題にぶつかり、数学に関心をもつようになった。そしてステパーノフV. V. Stepanov(1889―1950)の三角級数のセミナーに出席し、これを機会に研究の中心は数学へと傾いていった。1922年には、ほとんど至る所で発散するフーリエ級数の例を構成した。大学を出てから確率論に興味をもちだし、1929年には確率概念の公理化に成功した。この成果は彼のドイツ語の著作『確率計算の基本概念』Grundbegriffe der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung(1933)で発表された。これは、確率論の基礎を確立したもっとも重要な仕事である。その後も確率論をはじめ数学の多くの分野、たとえば集合論におけるコルモゴロフ演算子、エルゴード問題、一般化された空間における代数的位相幾何学の構成、ヒルベルトの問題の解決などに貢献した。

[井関清志]

[参照項目] | エルゴード性 | 確率 | トポロジー | ヒルベルトの問題

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