General lien - Ippansakidori tokken

Japanese: 一般先取特権 - いっぱんさきどりとっけん
General lien - Ippansakidori tokken

For example, if the master's house goes bankrupt, an employee can receive payment of his salary from the master's total assets (Civil Code Article 306, item 2), a landlord can receive payment of his overdue rent from the auction proceeds of the tenant's furniture (Civil Code Article 311, item 1), and a contractor who built a house can receive payment of his contract price from the auction proceeds of the house (Civil Code Article 325, item 2). There are two types of liens: those that are based on the debtor's total assets (general liens - example 1) and those that are based on specific assets (special liens), and the latter are further divided into those that are based on specific movable property (movable property liens - example 2) and those that are based on specific real property (real property liens - example 3). The Civil Code's justification for granting this lien to certain types of claims may be a spirit of fairness (example 3), a presumption of the parties' intentions (example 2), social policy considerations (example 1), protection of a specific industry, or a combination of these. …

From [Preferential Law]

For example, if the master's house goes bankrupt, an employee can receive payment of his salary from the master's total assets (Civil Code Article 306, item 2), a landlord can receive payment of his overdue rent from the auction proceeds of the tenant's furniture (Civil Code Article 311, item 1), and a contractor who built a house can receive payment of his contract price from the auction proceeds of the house (Civil Code Article 325, item 2). There are two types of liens: those that are based on the debtor's total assets (general liens - example 1) and those that are based on specific assets (special liens), and the latter are further divided into those that are based on specific movable property (movable property liens - example 2) and those that are based on specific real property (real property liens - example 3). The Civil Code's justification for granting this lien to certain types of claims may be a spirit of fairness (example 3), a presumption of the parties' intentions (example 2), social policy considerations (example 1), protection of a specific industry, or a combination of these. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "general liens" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…例えば,雇人は主人の家が破産した場合に給料債権につき主人の総財産から(民法306条2号),家主は延滞家賃債権につき借家人の家具調度の競売代金から(311条1号),また,家屋の建築工事をした請負人はその請負代金債権につきその家屋の競売代金から(325条2号),それぞれ優先的に弁済をうけうる。先取特権には,債務者の総財産を目的とするもの(一般先取特権―第1の例)と,特定の財産を目的とするもの(特別先取特権)とがあり,後者はさらに,特定の動産を目的とするもの(動産先取特権―第2の例)と,特定の不動産を目的とするもの(不動産先取特権―第3の例)とに分けられる。 民法が一定種類の債権につきこの先取特権を認めた根拠としては,公平の精神(第3の例),当事者の意思の推測(第2の例),社会政策的考慮(第1の例),特定の産業保護,またはこれらのものの組合せが考えられる。…

【先取特権】より

…例えば,雇人は主人の家が破産した場合に給料債権につき主人の総財産から(民法306条2号),家主は延滞家賃債権につき借家人の家具調度の競売代金から(311条1号),また,家屋の建築工事をした請負人はその請負代金債権につきその家屋の競売代金から(325条2号),それぞれ優先的に弁済をうけうる。先取特権には,債務者の総財産を目的とするもの(一般先取特権―第1の例)と,特定の財産を目的とするもの(特別先取特権)とがあり,後者はさらに,特定の動産を目的とするもの(動産先取特権―第2の例)と,特定の不動産を目的とするもの(不動産先取特権―第3の例)とに分けられる。 民法が一定種類の債権につきこの先取特権を認めた根拠としては,公平の精神(第3の例),当事者の意思の推測(第2の例),社会政策的考慮(第1の例),特定の産業保護,またはこれらのものの組合せが考えられる。…

※「一般先取特権」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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