Azraqi - Azraqi

Japanese: アズラク派 - あずらくは

... Throughout history, there have been some extreme actions and claims from both the Kharijites and the Shiites. The Azraqis were feared for their indiscriminate killings, and the Ismailis claimed that in addition to the literal (ẓāhir) interpretation of the Quran, there was also a hidden (bāṭin) esoteric interpretation, which was passed down from Muhammad to Ali and then to successive imams, and were also called the Batinists. Such claims were severely criticized by the Sunnis as condoning a personal cult unrelated to Islam, but a Shiite sect gave the imams superhuman qualities, and the most extreme views went so far as to consider Ali and his descendants as incarnations of God. ...

From Hajjaj bin Yousuf

…During the second civil war under Ibn al-Zubayr, he was appointed by the fifth Umayyad caliph, Abd al-Malik, to end the civil war, and was appointed governor of Medina and then governor of Iraq. He defeated the Azraqi sect, a branch of the Kharijites, to restore peace to Iraq, and promoted agriculture by working on irrigation and land reclamation. He was troubled by the rebellion of Ibn al-Ash'as (700-704), which represented the discontent of the Arab warriors of Kufa, but he built a new military city, Wasit, and carried out military rule, conquering Central Asia and northwestern India. …

From the Khawarij sect

...In the Umayyad period, they expanded their influence while engaging in guerilla activities mainly in southern Iraq, and especially during the second civil war, they expanded their activities to the Arabian Peninsula and southwestern Persia. However, due to differences in policy and ideology, they split into various factions, such as the extremist Azraq faction and the moderate Ibadi faction. After that, although their influence increased temporarily, their activities gradually declined, and after the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate, their activities in Iraq ceased. ...

*Some of the terminology that refers to the "Azraqi sect" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…　長い歴史の間に，ハワーリジュ派，シーア派とも極端な行動と主張に走るものがあった。アズラク派は無差別な殺戮で恐れられ，イスマーイール派は，コーランには文字どおりの(ザーヒルẓāhir)解釈のほかに隠された(バーティンbāṭin)奥義的解釈があり，それはムハンマドからアリーを経て代々のイマームに伝授されたと主張し，バーティン派とも呼ばれた。このような主張は，イスラムと無縁な個人崇拝を容認するものとして，スンナ派から厳しく非難されたが，シーア派の一派にはイマームに超人間的な性格を付与し，最も極端な論をなすものは，アリーおよびその子孫のイマームを神の化身とみなすにいたった。…

【ハッジャージュ･ブン･ユースフ】より

…イブン･アッズバイルの第2次内乱中，ウマイヤ朝第5代カリフ，アブド･アルマリクに登用されて内乱を終結させ，メディナ総督を経てイラク総督に任命された。ハワーリジュ派の一派であるアズラク派を討伐してイラクの平和を回復し，灌漑や干拓に努めて農業の振興を図った。クーファのアラブ戦士の不満を代表するイブン･アルアシュアスの乱(700‐704)に悩まされたが，新軍営都市ワーシトを建設して武断政治を行い，中央アジア，西北インドを征服させた。…

【ハワーリジュ派】より

…ウマイヤ朝時代に入ると，南イラクを中心としてゲリラ活動を行いながら勢力を拡大し，とくに第2次内乱中に，アラビア半島，西南ペルシアにも活動を広げた。しかし，路線･思想の相違により，過激派のアズラク派，穏健派のイバード派などの諸派に分かれた。その後は，一時的に勢力を増すことはあってもしだいに活動は衰え，アッバース朝の成立後，イラクにおける活動が途絶した。…

※「アズラク派」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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