A pre-revolutionary Russian jurist and professor at St. Petersburg University, he began his research with international law and expanded to general theory of law and state jurisprudence. Influenced by the study of interest jurisprudence since Jhering, he took a psychological and sociological positivist stance, observing political and legal phenomena as the product of people's collective psychological and mental activities. He viewed law as a variant of ethical norms that set the framework for the realization of interests, and emphasized the role of interest adjustment based on order psychology. He also viewed the state as a power that arises from citizens' sense of subordination to the state. He was forgotten for a long time after the revolution, but in recent years he has been evaluated more objectively as a liberal who, while critical of the Tsarist autocracy, waited for reforms from above. His major works include Lectures on the General Theory of Law (1886) and Two Volumes of the Law of Russia (1892-1894). [Taichiro Oe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
革命前ロシアの法学者。ペテルブルグ大学教授。国際法に始まり、法の一般理論、国法学へと研究を広げた。イェーリング以来の利益法学の影響のもとで、政治・法現象を人々の集団的な心理的=精神的活動の所産として観察する、心理学的・社会学的な実証主義の立場にたち、法を、利益実現の枠を設定する倫理規範の変種とみて、秩序心理に基づく利益調整の役割を強調し、また国家を、市民たちの国家への従属意識から生ずる権力とみなした。 革命後は長く顧みられなかったが、近年ではツァーリ専制に対しては批判的な態度をとりつつも、上からの改革をまつにとどまった自由主義派として、より客観的な評価を与えられている。主著に『法の一般理論講義』(1886)、『ロシア国法』2巻(1892~1894)などがある。 [大江泰一郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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