Born July 28, 1840 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Died: April 12, 1897. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. American paleontologist. Born into a wealthy family, he was educated mainly by private tutors, and only attended the University of Pennsylvania for one year. From 1864 to 1867, he was a professor of comparative zoology and botany at Haverford College, University of Pennsylvania. For the next 22 years, he devoted himself to exploration and research, using up the huge inheritance from his father on research and purchasing specimens. In the American West, which was still academically unexplored at the time, he discovered many fossils of extinct fishes, reptiles, and mammals, clarified the evolutionary process of horses, and conducted research on the phylogenetic development of mammalian teeth, among other important research achievements on vertebrates and mammals from the Paleogene and Neogene periods. In 1889, he became a professor of geology and mineralogy at the University of Pennsylvania, and from 1895 to 1897, he served as a professor of zoology and comparative anatomy. He opposed Charles Robert Darwin's theory of natural selection, and proposed the idea of directed evolution, which holds that the factors of evolution are inherent in living organisms. He advocated the inheritance of acquired characteristics, and supported the evolutionary theory of Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet Lamarck, so he is considered a representative of neo-Lamarckism. He also formulated several laws that are now known as Cope's rules. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1840.7.28. ペンシルバニア,フィラデルフィア [没]1897.4.12. ペンシルバニア,フィラデルフィア アメリカ合衆国の古生物学者。富裕な家庭に生まれ,主として家庭教師から教育を受けたため,ペンシルバニア大学に 1年間在学しただけであった。1864~67年ペンシルバニア大学ハバフォード・カレッジの比較動物学および植物学教授。その後 22年間にわたって,父からの莫大な遺産を調査や標本購入のために使い果たしながら,探検と研究に専念。当時まだ学術的には未開の地であったアメリカ西部で,絶滅した魚類,爬虫類,哺乳類の化石を多数発見,ウマの進化の過程を明らかにしたり,哺乳類の歯の系統発生に関する研究を行なうなど,古第三紀,新第三紀の脊椎動物や哺乳類に関する幾多の重要な研究業績を残した。1889年にペンシルバニア大学地質鉱物学教授に就任,1895~97年動物学および比較解剖学教授を務めた。自然選択によって進化を説明するチャールズ・ロバート・ダーウィンの説に反対し,進化の要因は生物体に内在するという定向進化の考えを示した。獲得形質の遺伝を主張し,ジャン=バティスト・ピエール・アントアーヌ・ド・モネ・ラマルクの進化理論を支持したため,ネオラマルキズムの代表者とされている。また,今日コープの規則と呼ばれるいくつかの法則を立てた。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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