Primates discovered as fossils. It is believed that primates appeared soon after the appearance of mammals (late Cretaceous, about 65.5 million years ago). Fossils of adapes, tarsiers, lorises, and other species have been discovered in the Paleocene and Eocene epochs (about 65.5 million to 33.9 million years ago), suggesting that adaptive radiation of prosimians occurred during that period. In the Oligocene epoch (about 33.9 million to 23 million years ago), fossils of Dolichocebus, Aegyptopithecus, and other species thought to be ancestors of modern anthropoids (including monkeys, apes, and humans) have been discovered. In the Miocene (approximately 23 million to 5,332,000 years ago), fossils of the anthropoid species capuchin monkeys and catarrhine monkeys appeared, as well as fossils of Pliopithecus, thought to be the ancestor of gibbons, and Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus, thought to be the ancestors of the great apes. Fossils of extinct apes such as Gigantopithecus and Oreopithecus have also been discovered. From the late Pliocene to the present day, non-human primates have been virtually indistinguishable from modern species. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
化石として発見される霊長類。霊長類の出現は哺乳類が出現した直後(白亜紀後期,約 6550万年前)と考えられる。暁新世と始新世(約 6550万~約 3390万年前)にアダピス類,メガネザル類,ロリス類などの化石が発見されることから,その時代に原猿類の適応放散があったと思われる。漸新世(約 3390万~約 2300万年前)になると,ドリコセブス,エジプトピテクスなど現生の真猿類(いわゆるサル,類人猿,ヒトを含む)の祖先と思われる化石が発見されている。中新世(約 2300万~約 533万2000年前)になると,真猿類の広鼻猿(オマキザル)と狭鼻猿(オナガザル)の化石が現れ,テナガザルの祖先と思われるプリオピテクスや大型類人猿の祖先と思われるドリオピテクス,ラマピテクスなどの化石も発見される。なおギガントピテクスやオレオピテクスのような,絶滅した類人猿の化石も発見されている。鮮新世後期以降今日まで,ヒト以外の霊長類はほとんど現生種と差異がない。
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