Chandler, Alfred Dupont, Jr.

Japanese: チャンドラー（英語表記）Chandler， Alfred Dupont， Jr.

Born September 15, 1918 in Guyen Court, Delaware
Died: May 9, 2007. Cambridge, Massachusetts. American business historian. After graduating from Harvard University in 1940, he briefly served in the Navy, returning to his alma mater after World War II and earning his doctorate from the university in 1952. In 1950, he transferred to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he was a professor from 1960 to 1963, and became a professor at Johns Hopkins University in 1963. Since 1971, he has been a professor of business history at Harvard Business School. During this time, he also held important positions on various advisory committees, the Business History Society, and the American Historical Association. His research areas included the history of the development of American corporate management and the history of business administration, and he was highly acclaimed for demonstrating the hypothesis that "a company's business strategy determines its organizational structure" using many real-life examples. His major works include Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the Industrial Enterprise (1962), Giant Enterprise: Ford, General Motors and the Automobile Industry (1964), "Pierre S. du Pont and the Making of a Modern Corporation" (1971), and "Shaping the Industrial Century: The Remarkable Story of the Evolution of the Modern Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries" (2005).

Chandler
Chandler, Raymond

Born: July 23, 1888 in Chicago, Illinois
[Died] March 26, 1959. La Jolla, California. American detective novelist. Full name: Raymond Thornton Chandler. He moved to England at a young age with his divorced mother and joined the British Army during World War I. After the war, he returned to America and worked for an oil company. He began writing in his mid-40s. His works, including his breakthrough The Big Sleep (1939), Farewell, My Lovely (1940), The Lady in the Lake (1943), The Little Sister (1949), and The Long Goodbye (1953), all feature private detective Philip Marlowe. His clever dialogue and unsentimental writing style make him a representative of the hard-boiled school after Dashiell Hammett. He also wrote screenplays for films, including Double Indemnity (1944, co-written with Wilder) directed by Billy Wilder.

Chandler
Chandler, Zachariah

Born December 10, 1813 in Bedford, New Hampshire
[Died] November 1, 1879.
American politician. U.S. Senator (1857-1875, 1879). Active as a radical Republican during the Civil War. In 1861, he advocated increased military action and urged the government to realize the emancipation of slaves. From 1875 to 1877, he served as Secretary of the Interior in the U.S. Grant administration.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1918.9.15. デラウェア，ガイエンコート
[没]2007.5.9. マサチューセッツ，ケンブリッジ
アメリカ合衆国の経営史学者。 1940年ハーバード大学卒業後一時海軍に所属，第2次世界大戦後母校に帰り，1952年同大学より博士号取得。 1950年マサチューセッツ工科大学 MITに移り，1960～63年同教授，1963年ジョンズ・ホプキンズ大学教授となり，1971年以降ハーバード大学ビジネス・スクール経営史担当教授。この間，各種諮問委員会，経営史学会，アメリカ歴史学会などの要職も兼務。研究領域はアメリカの企業経営の発達史，経営管理史で，「企業の経営戦略がその組織構造を規定する」という仮説を多くの実例から実証し，高い評価を受けた。主著『経営戦略と組織』 Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the Industrial Enterprise (1962) ，『競争の戦略』 Giant Enterprise: Ford，General Motors and the Automobile Industry (1964) ，"Pierre S. du Pont and the Making of a Modern Corporation" (1971) ，"Shaping the Industrial Century: The Remarkable Story of the Evolution of the Modern Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries" (2005) など。

チャンドラー
Chandler, Raymond

[生]1888.7.23. イリノイ，シカゴ
[没]1959.3.26. カリフォルニア，ラホヤ
アメリカ合衆国の推理小説作家。フルネーム Raymond Thornton Chandler。離婚した母に連れられて幼い頃にイギリスに渡り，第1次世界大戦でイギリス軍に加わった。戦後アメリカに戻り石油会社に勤め，40歳代も半ばになってから創作を始めた。出世作『大いなる眠り』The Big Sleep（1939）をはじめ，『さらば愛しき女よ』Farewell, My Lovely（1940），『湖中の女』The Lady in the Lake（1943），『かわいい女』The Little Sister（1949），『長いお別れ』The Long Goodbye（1953）など，いずれも私立探偵フィリップ・マーローの活躍するもので，巧妙な会話，感傷に流されぬ文体により，ダシール・ハメット以後のハード・ボイルド派の代表者とされる。映画の脚本も執筆，代表作にビリー・ワイルダー監督の『深夜の告白』Double Indemnity（1944，ワイルダーと共著）がある。

チャンドラー
Chandler， Zachariah

[生]1813.12.10. ニューハンプシャー，ベッドフォード
[没]1879.11.1.
アメリカの政治家。連邦上院議員 (1857～75，79) 。南北戦争中は共和党急進派として活躍。 1861年軍事行動の活発化を主張するとともに，奴隷解放の実現を政府に迫った。 75～77年 U.グラント政権の内務長官。

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